On the fuselage of the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350, over 50% of the structural components are no longer made from traditional metal materials but have been replaced by a "black technology" material—carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. This material is not only lighter and stronger than metal but can also be reshaped repeatedly like plastic through heating and even recycled! Recently, the research results from Professor Li Guangji's team at Hangzhou Dianzi University have pushed the performance of this material to new heights. Today, we will uncover the magical qualities of this "future material"! Thermoplastics vs Thermosetting: A "Character Showdown" of Materials Composite materials are composed of reinforcing fibers (such as carbon fibers) and a resin matrix. Traditional thermosetting resins (such as epoxy resin) cannot be reversed once cured, just like a boiled egg cannot return to a liquid state. Although they have high hardness, they are brittle, have long processing cycles, and are not recyclable. In contrast, thermoplastic resins (such as PEEK, PPS) are like modeling clay; they soften when heated and harden when cooled, allowing for repeated processing. This "transformable" characteristic brings three major advantages: 1. High toughness: stronger resistance to impact and crack propagation. Efficient production: Molding only takes tens of minutes, which is several times faster than thermosetting processes. 3. Environmental economics: Waste materials can be recycled and reprocessed, reducing the high manufacturing costs in the aerospace field. "Patch up" composite materials: The magic of high toughness regions (HTRR) The fatal weakness of traditional carbon fiber composites is interlayer delamination—like the pages of a book being torn apart, the layers can easily separate due to stress concentration, as shown in the problem image in Figure 1. Figure 1. Failure Layer Analysis Li Guangji's team successfully solved this problem by innovating a process that implants "crack-resistant patches"—high toughness resin regions (HTRR) into the material, as shown in Figure 2. The implementation method is as follows: Mixing and weaving method: Carbon fiber is mixed with PPS fiber to form a special fabric structure; compression molding: Under high temperature and pressure, PPS melts and fills the gaps between the fibers, forming a tough "lock"; distribution optimization: By controlling the quantity, size, and distribution of HTRR, the crack propagation path is made to "get lost," redirecting it from interlayer to intralayer. Figure 2. Toughening methods for composites After applying the patches, the effects were enhanced, with the bending strength increasing by up to 75% and the tensile performance improving by 45%; delamination damage was reduced, and the damage mode changed from "single tearing" to "complex labyrinth-type failure." "Invisible Armor" of Aircraft Skin: Hat-shaped Stiffened Panel Structure In the wing and fuselage of the aircraft, the hat-shaped stiffened panel is a key load-bearing structure, as shown in Figure 3. In traditional processes, the connection point between the stiffener and the skin (R area) is prone to cracking due to stress concentration. The research team has significantly improved performance through two innovations: 1. Filling the R area: Filling the gap with prepreg strips to avoid stress concentration caused by wrinkles; 2. HTRR enhancement: Adding PEEK film at the R area and connection points to bond the interface like "glue." Figure 3. Hat-shaped reinforced wall panel The optimized effect is significant; the samples without filled R zones fractured directly, while the optimized structure could bear loads in stages, with ductility increased by 118%. The failure mode changed from "brittle delamination" to "ductile interlayer," as if the aircraft were wearing an "invisible armor" that could self-repair. Perhaps in the near future, the airplanes we fly in, the cars we drive, and even the smartphones in our hands will all use this "recyclable armor." All of this comes from the relentless exploration of the microscopic world of materials by scientists.

In the aerospace field, lightweight design has always been the core direction of technological breakthroughs. In traditional manufacturing processes, the solvent-based release agents used in the demolding process can meet basic functions but also bring issues such as excessive VOC emissions, high surface defect rates, and limited production efficiency. The rise of water-based release technology has made a dual breakthrough in environmental protection and functionality, providing a revolutionary solution for reducing weight and enhancing performance in aircraft. Technological Innovation: The Transition from Solvent-Based to Water-Based Solutions Water-based release agents use water as the dispersing medium and employ nano-emulsion technology to evenly disperse active ingredients, forming a dense and stable separation film. Compared to traditional oil-based release agents, their core advantages are reflected in three aspects:Environmental Friendliness: The water-based system reduces VOC emissions by over 90%, completely avoids flammability risks, and complies with EU REACH regulations and China's "dual carbon" strategy requirements. Measurements from an integrated die-casting production line of an automotive company show that after switching to a water-based release agent, the total non-methane hydrocarbons concentration in the workshop dropped from 120 mg/m³ to 15 mg/m³.Surface quality control: The emulsion particle size is controlled to be below 0.6μm, ensuring coating uniformity. In the manufacturing of composite materials for aircraft skins, this technology reduces surface porosity by 70%, significantly decreasing subsequent repair processes and indirectly achieving structural weight reduction.Process compatibility: The non-curing feature shortens mold preparation time by 80%. Combined with a micro-spray system, a single coating can support over a hundred release cycles, significantly improving production rhythm. Weight loss mechanism: multidimensional efficiency enhancement Water-based release technology achieves weight reduction goals through three main pathways:Material utilization optimization: Precise demolding reduces edge waste, resulting in an increase in material utilization from 82% to 93% in the production of a certain type of helicopter rotor component, with a weight reduction of 4.7 kg per component.Structural simplification: In conjunction with integrated die-casting technology, a water-based release agent addresses the demolding challenges of ultra-large components. A die-cast part for a certain new energy vehicle's rear floor has achieved the integration of 74 components, reducing weight by 30% while maintaining a demolding success rate of 99.2%.Performance compensation design: Low transfer characteristics avoid the impact of release agent residue on the interlaminar bonding of composite materials, allowing designers to reduce redundant thickness by 3%-5%. In the manufacturing of satellite structural components, this technology optimized the thickness of carbon fiber laminates from 2.8mm to 2.3mm, achieving an overall weight reduction of 18%. Industry Applications: Breakthroughs from Laboratory to Production Line Precision component machining: Nanocellulose-enhanced coatings achieve sub-micrometer surface accuracy in the manufacture of satellite optical instrument supports, replacing traditional graphite coatings, reducing weight while improving thermal control performance. Future Vision: The Integration of Intelligence and Sustainability The evolution of technology presents three major trends:Responsive material development: Thermosensitive release agents can automatically adjust their lubricity according to the mold temperature, maintaining stability within a wide temperature range of -40°C to 200°C, suitable for flexible production line needs.Biobased raw material substitution: A third-generation water-based release agent based on starch derivatives has completed pilot testing, achieving a biodegradation rate of 92%. Commercialization is expected by 2028.Digital Twin Integration: Real-time monitoring of release agent film thickness and status through IoT sensors, combined with AI algorithms to predict mold maintenance cycles, has achieved a 65% reduction in downtime on a pilot production line. Water-based release agent technology not only redefines the environmental baseline of manufacturing processes but also opens up new weight reduction opportunities for aircraft design through the deep integration of materials science, surface engineering, and intelligent control. With breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies such as nano-modification and bio-based materials, this green process will continue to drive aerospace manufacturing towards being lighter, stronger, and more sustainable.

Recently, foreign media reported that the V-280 Valor tiltrotor aircraft developed by Bell in the United States is set to enter mass production and be deployed to troops, becoming the world's second tiltrotor aircraft to enter service. This aviation vehicle, referred to as an "aerial hybrid," combines the advantages of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft—it can take off and land vertically, hover in the air, and fly at high speeds. Its core feature is the fixed-wing design, with rotors at the tips that can rotate between horizontal and vertical positions: when taking off or hovering, the rotors rotate horizontally to generate lift; after reaching a certain altitude and speed, the rotors flip forward 90 degrees to provide forward thrust like a propeller. Bell's V-280 Valor tiltrotor aircraft I. Development Context: Four-Stage Evolution The development of tiltrotor aircraft is represented by products from Bell Helicopter in the United States and has gone through four stages: • Principle verification stage (1950s-1960s): Using a dual-blade semi-rigid rotor and piston engine, there were issues such as insufficient power and poor stability, only serving as concept verification. For example, the XV-3 prototype had a maximum speed of 200 kilometers per hour and the tests were terminated due to an accident. • Test flight breakthrough stage (late 1970s to late 1980s): switched to a three-blade rigid rotor and turbine engine, significantly increased cruising speed, overcame the issue of tilt transition power balance, completed carrier-based and refueling tests, with the XV-15 reaching a maximum speed of 615 kilometers per hour. • Scale service stage (1989-2017): Continuous technological improvements, adopting high-power turbo-shaft engines and coupling systems, significantly enhancing payload capacity. The V-22, based on the XV-15 prototype, has a maximum payload of about 10 tons (four times that of the prototype) and was officially commissioned by the U.S. military in 2007. • Structural upgrade phase (2017 to present): represented by the V-280, using the "fixed engine, tilting rotor" mode, optimizing structure to enhance stability, reducing the damage of high-temperature airflow to the ground, and awarded a military procurement contract in 2022. Unique Value: Filling Capability Gaps Compared with conventional fixed-wing aircraft, tiltrotor aircraft do not rely on runways and can take off and land vertically in confined spaces, hover, and precisely deliver personnel and equipment; compared to helicopters, they have a cruising speed of over 500 kilometers per hour, a combat radius of over 700 kilometers (about twice that of a general-purpose helicopter), and a payload capacity exceeding 10 tons, capable of carrying approximately 20 armed soldiers, significantly enhancing combat efficiency. It is not a replacement for existing models, but rather fills the gap between the two: amphibious assaults can quickly deploy troops from aircraft carriers, special operations can infiltrate at low altitude and high speed with stealth, and precision delivery can be accomplished through winches or aerial descent. It holds great practical value in modern warfare. Three, Future Directions: Technological Breakthroughs and Leaps To address the issues of complex power transmission systems and poor environmental adaptability, the next generation of tiltrotor aircraft will achieve three major breakthroughs: - Adopting hybrid electric technology, simplifying the transmission system, enhancing reliability, and allowing flexible switching of power modes (using "hybrid power" for vertical takeoff and landing, "fuel" for cruising, and "pure electric drive" for enhanced survivability during penetration). The rotor can be rotated to any angle, achieving complex maneuvers such as low-altitude hovering and lateral translation shooting, expanding the tactical application range. - Develop tilt-rotor drones that do not need to consider the physiological limits of pilots, capable of executing reconnaissance and strike missions for extended durations, or serving as "loyal wingmen." In the future, with the continuous integration of technology, the role of tiltrotor aircraft is worth.

In the field of aerospace manufacturing, every breakthrough in materials technology can lead to profound changes in industry regulations. In recent years, thermoplastic composites, with their lightweight, high strength, and environmentally friendly characteristics, are gradually rewriting the traditional rules of aerospace manufacturing and becoming a key force in driving the aviation industry towards greater efficiency and sustainability. Lightweighting: Breaking Through the Bottleneck of Fuel Efficiency The weight of an aircraft's fuselage is a core factor affecting fuel efficiency. Traditional metal materials can meet strength requirements but are relatively heavy, limiting improvements in fuel economy. Thermoplastic composites achieve lightweight advantages with a density only 1/5 to 1/4 that of steel by combining reinforcing materials such as carbon fiber and glass fiber with thermoplastic resins. For example, carbon fiber reinforced PEEK material has a density of only 1.4g/cm³, yet can reach a tensile strength of 500MPa. This material characteristic allows airplanes to reduce structural weight under the same load, directly lowering fuel consumption. Data shows that for every ton of fuselage weight reduced, an aircraft can save hundreds of tons of fuel annually, consequently reducing carbon emissions. This weight reduction effect not only enhances range but also saves operating costs for airlines, making it a key breakthrough for the aviation industry in pursuing green development. High Intensity: The Possibility of Restructuring Design The mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites have the limitations of traditional materials. Their toughness comes from the fiber toughening mechanism, which can absorb impact energy, making them suitable for safety protection components. In the aerospace field, such materials have been applied to critical structural components such as leading edges of wings and sheer beams. For example, a certain type of aircraft uses thermoplastic composites to manufacture the leading edge of the wing, and the connection between the skin and the ribs is achieved through thermoplastic welding technology, which ensures structural strength while simplifying the manufacturing process. Compared with traditional riveting processes, welding technology reduces the number of fasteners, lowers structural weight, and simultaneously enhances fatigue life and damage tolerance. This design flexibility allows aircraft designers to optimize the shapes of wings and fuselage, reduce aerodynamic drag, and further improve flight efficiency. Environmental Protection: Constructing a Closed Loop of Circular Economy The environmental pressure on the aviation industry is increasing, and the recyclability of materials has become an important consideration. Traditional thermosetting composites are difficult to decompose after curing, leading to high disposal costs. In contrast, thermoplastic composites can be melted and reshaped at high temperatures, allowing discarded components to be reprocessed through heating and melting, thus achieving a closed-loop material cycle. For example, a research institution has developed a recycling process for thermoplastic composites that can produce new parts with performance close to that of virgin materials through steps like crushing and reprocessing. This recycling method not only reduces waste emissions but also lowers raw material costs. In addition, the production of thermoplastic composites does not require special storage conditions, avoiding the energy consumption associated with frozen storage and cleanroom maintenance, further enhancing their environmental advantages. Manufacturing efficiency: The engine for accelerating industrial upgrading The processing characteristics of thermoplastic composites significantly enhance manufacturing efficiency. Their molding process is a physical change, requiring no curing period, and the injection molding cycle can be shortened to 1-2 minutes, making it suitable for mass production. For example, a certain type of aircraft floor panel is integrated into a single product through the injection molding process, consolidating multiple components and reducing assembly steps. In addition, thermoplastic composites can be integrated with robots and visual inspection systems to achieve fully automated production. This automated production model not only improves production efficiency but also reduces labor costs, with the yield rate exceeding 99%. As technology matures, the manufacturing costs of thermoplastic composites will further decrease, promoting their widespread application in the aerospace field. Future Outlook: Opening a New Era in Aviation Manufacturing The application prospects of thermoplastic composite materials go far beyond this. With the development of 3D printing technology, their customized production capabilities will be further unleashed to meet the aviation industry's demand for complex structural components. For example, a research institution has successfully printed a thermoplastic composite fuselage demonstration part that is 8 meters long and 4 meters in diameter, achieving approximately a 10% reduction in structural weight and cost. Additionally, the weldability of thermoplastic composite materials provides the possibility for the integrated design of aircraft structures, potentially enabling the manufacture of rivet-free fuselages in the future. This technological breakthrough will fundamentally change the manufacturing processes in aviation, pushing the industry towards a more efficient and environmentally friendly direction. Thermoplastic composites are rewriting the rules of aerospace manufacturing with their unique advantages. From lightweight and high strength to environmental friendliness and manufacturing efficiency, these materials bring unprecedented opportunities to the aviation industry. With continuous technological advancements, thermoplastic composites are expected to achieve breakthroughs in more fields, ushering in a new era of aerospace manufacturing.

On July 12, 2025, Zhejiang Huashuai Special New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. celebrated a key milestone in its "Annual Production of 35,000 Tons of Aviation Transparent Materials Construction Project" — the main structure has reached its roof. From the blueprint drawn during the groundbreaking on February 16 of this year to the current towering steel structures and completed buildings, Huashuai has demonstrated its firm commitment to "the independent development of aviation materials" through practical actions, injecting strong momentum into the development of the domestic aviation PMMA transparent materials industry. The project, as a technological transformation project in the aircraft manufacturing industry, has a total investment of 180 million yuan and covers an area of approximately 30.89 acres. It plans to build a production line, which, upon reaching full production capacity, will achieve an annual output of 35,000 tons of aviation PMMA transparent materials. The implementation and advancement of this project will significantly enhance the domestic self-sufficiency capability of aviation PMMA transparent materials, laying a solid foundation for the localization and independence of aviation equipment, and contributing to the security and upgrading of China's aviation industry supply chain, helping to advance from being an "aviation power" to an "aviation strong power." It is understood that on the morning of February 16, 2025, a groundbreaking ceremony was held for the construction project of Zhejiang Huashuai Special New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., located in Shendang, Haiyan, which will produce 35,000 tons of aviation PMMA transparent materials annually. The construction period for the project is 18 months, and it is expected to be completed and put into use in the second half of 2026. Zhejiang Huashuai New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. has a construction project for an annual production capacity of 35,000 tons of aviation PMMA transparent materials, which is a technical transformation project in the aircraft manufacturing industry (C3741) with a total investment of 180 million yuan. The project is located on Yongqing East Road, Shendang Town, Haiyan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, covering an area of 20,574 square meters (approximately 30.89 acres). It includes the construction of an aviation sheet production workshop, a polymerization building, a tank area, and has a total building area of 23,000 square meters. The project will add 2 production lines for aviation PMMA transparent materials, forming an annual production capacity of 35,000 tons. After the project is put into operation, it is expected to achieve an annual sales revenue of 630 million yuan. Zhejiang Huashuai Special New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. was established in 1998. It is a national high-tech enterprise specializing in sound barriers, wind barriers, and functional polymethyl methacrylate (referred to as PMMA, commonly known as acrylic). It is an internationally advanced manufacturer of sound barrier systems and acrylic materials. The leading product, high-impact-resistant high-speed rail sound barrier panels, is at the forefront of the domestic market and is sold in more than 30 countries and regions worldwide. These products are widely used in key national engineering projects, such as the Zheng-Wan High-speed Railway, He-Fu High-speed Railway, Cheng-Pu High-speed Railway, the Indonesia Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, the Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Jiangmen Neutrino Laboratory, and the National Olympic Sports Center. The company holds the largest market share in the domestic market for high-speed rail sound barriers and wind barriers for major bridges, and the independently developed wind barrier materials have been awarded the honor of being "the first of its kind in the country." Recent domestic PMMA projects Zhejiang Petrochemical 180,000 tons/year high-end optical grade PMMA According to reports, the construction of the high-performance resin project by Zhejiang Petrochemical Co., Ltd. for the 1# 180,000 tons/year PMMA unit has entered the peak installation phase, with plans to commence production by the end of 2025. This project includes the 2# 1,200,000 tons/year ABS unit, the 2# 300,000 tons/year EVA/LDPE (tubular) unit, the 2# 400,000 tons/year LDPE (tubular) unit, the 1# 100,000 tons/year EVA (kettle) unit, the 2# 200,000 tons/year DMC unit, the 1# 180,000 tons/year PMMA unit, as well as supporting storage and transportation facilities and public auxiliary facilities. Shandong Zhemei New Materials has an annual production capacity of 160,000 tons of high-end optical PMMA. On June 12, the Dongying Ecological Environment Bureau announced the acceptance of the Environmental Impact Report for the 160,000-ton high-end optical resin project by Shandong Zheming New Materials Co., Ltd. The project is divided into two phases; Phase I, upon completion, will have an annual production capacity of 80,000 tons of polymethyl methacrylate, and Phase II, upon completion, will have an annual production capacity of 80,000 tons of high-end optical-grade polymethyl methacrylate. Longnan Xintao PMMA resin production line officially put into operation. In May, exciting news came from Longnan Xintao Acrylic Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Xintao — the PMMA resin production line has officially started production! Xintao, as a leading enterprise in the acrylic industry, has always established a good reputation in the market with its excellent quality and professional services. The official launch of the PMMA resin production line is not only a breakthrough in production capacity but also an important beginning for Xintao to supply high-quality raw materials to the market, and it is a strategic layout for Xintao to move towards "self-sufficiency in core raw materials." The optical-grade polymer new material production project has been established in Pengzhou. From May 8 to 10, Pengzhou signed a cooperation agreement with the project leader of the optical-grade polymer new material production project. The total investment for the project is 2.5 billion yuan, which will be constructed in two phases. The project adopts the continuous bulk polymerization production technology independently developed by Academician Zhang Suojiang's team from the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is an industrial project of significant breakthrough significance, with the core product being optical-grade polymer new material PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) particles. New Jumei High Polymer Materials 50,000 tons of high-end environmentally friendly PMMA On March 28, the Environmental Impact Report for the new Jumei Polymer Materials (Huizhou) Co., Ltd. project, which plans to produce 50,000 tons of high-end environmentally friendly acrylic products annually, was approved and made public. The project mainly involves the production of high-end environmentally friendly acrylic products, with an annual output of 50,000 tons. The construction is scheduled to take place from April 2025 to September 2025, with a construction period of 6 months, and is expected to commence operation in October 2025 after equipment debugging. Jiangxi Jingsu Technology 88,000 tons/year optical grade PMMA particles On February 26, the People's Government of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, announced the intention to approve the Environmental Impact Report for the optical-grade resin new material production project of Jiangxi Jingsu Technology Co., Ltd. Once completed, the project will have an annual production capacity of 88,000 tons of optical-grade resin new materials (optical-grade PMMA particles), with a total of 4 production lines set up for optical-grade resin new materials, where 2 production lines are arranged in Workshop One and 2 production lines are arranged in Workshop Two. Gu De New Materials 100,000 tons/year optical grade PMMA In February, Gu Dexin Materials (Jiangxi) Co., Ltd. conducted the first information disclosure for the environmental impact assessment of its optical polymer materials project. The first phase covers an area of 82 acres, while the second phase covers an area of 91 acres. The project is being constructed in phases, with the first phase producing 40,000 tons of PMMA particles annually and the second phase producing 60,000 tons of PMMA particles annually. Once fully operational, the entire plant will have an annual production capacity of 100,000 tons of polymer optical materials. Yan'an Chemical's 50,000 tons/year PMMA On February 6, the second day after the Spring Festival holiday, YNHC held a work summary meeting for January. Wang Rongbin, the company's Party Secretary, Executive Director, and General Manager, attended the meeting along with the leadership team and heads of various departments and centers. Wang Rongbin emphasized the need to advance project construction with high quality and efficiency. Relevant units should stay focused on the goal of putting the second line of the ethylene-propylene rubber unit into production by the end of the year, strengthen coordination and collaboration, clarify work standards and timelines, and simultaneously carry out the construction of MMA pilot tests, PBE pilot tests, and the feasibility study review, project approval, and other work for the three projects: 50,000 tons/year MMA, 50,000 tons/year PMMA, and 50,000 tons/year ethylene-propylene rubber. It is essential to resolutely promote the construction of the "three carbon and three materials" specialized and innovative projects.

International News Digest: Raw Material News: Europe’s Chemicals Sector Suffers Another SetbackAutomotive News: BYD's "Shenzhen" Departs for Europe, Carrying Over 6,800 New Energy VehiclesAdditives News: Clariant ShiftMax™ 100 RE Reverse Water-Gas Shift Catalyst Empowers INERATEC's Pioneering E-Fuel PlantAerospace News: Arkema and Hexcel Achieve Breakthrough in Aerospace Thermoplastic Composite TechnologyMacro News: ING: India Could Be the Next Country to Reach a Trade Deal With the USPrice Information: Central Parity Rate of RMB Against USD Reported at 7.1541, Down 7 Pips   The following are details of international news: 1.Europe’s Chemicals Sector Suffers Another SetbackVynova Announced Today That It Will Cease PVC Production at Its Site in Beek, Netherlands, by November 2025. It’s the Second Shutdown of Europe-Based Chemicals Production Plants Announced in as Many Days: Dow Said Yesterday It Will Close Two Plants in Germany and One in the UK. Challenging Market Dynamics Are Cited as the Reason for These Closures. 2. US EVA Exports Plummeted by 14%! According to the Data of the United States International Trade Commission, the Export Volume of EVA in the US Fell by 14% to 46,000 Tons in the First Quarter of 2025, the Import Volume Fell by 17%, and the Price Fell by 5.6% (the Spot Price of Medium-Grade EVA in Houston Port Fell to USD 1175/ton). Traders Bluntly Said, 'No Goods to Asia', the Focus of Exports Was Forced to Turn to Latin America, Africa and Europe-Middle East-Africa (EMEA) Markets. 3. Clariant ShiftMax™ 100 RE Reverse Water-Gas Shift Catalyst Empowers INERATEC's Pioneering E-Fuel PlantClariant Announced Today That Its ShiftMax 100 RE Catalyst Powers INERATEC's Advanced Power-to-Liquids Fuel Plant "ERA ONE" Located in the Frankfurt-Höchst Industrial Park in Germany. The Facility Was Officially Put Into Operation on June 3, With an Annual Carbon Dioxide Processing Capacity of Approximately 8,000 Tons, Which Can Be Converted to Produce Up to 2,500 Tons of Synthetic Fuels and Wax Products. This Production Scale Makes It One of the World's Largest Operating "Power-to-Liquids" Projects and Establishes the Key Position of the Two Companies in the Field of Sustainable Fuel Technology Innovation. 4.Avantium Signs Bio-Based FDCA Offtake Agreement With PLIXXENT for Use in Insulating Polyurethane Foam Production Avantium, a Leading Renewable and Circular Polymer Materials Company, and PLIXXENT, a Leading Polyurethane Systems Company, Have Signed a Conditional Five-Year Offtake Agreement. Under the Agreement, PLIXXENT Will Purchase FDCA (2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid) Produced by Avantium's Flagship Plant for the Production of Insulating Polyurethane Foam. PLIXXENT's Evaluation Confirmed That FDCA Performs Excellently in Polyester Polyols and Their Derived Insulating Polyurethane Foams. Compared With Traditional Petrochemical-Based Polyurethane Foams, FDCA-Based Polyurethane Foams Have Significant Environmental Advantages, Meeting the Growing Market Demand for Environmentally Friendly Building Materials. In Addition, They Exhibit Excellent Performance in Key Thermal Insulation Indicators Such as Thermal Conductivity and Flame Retardancy, While Also Providing Excellent Mechanical Strength and Dimensional Stability to Ensure the Long-Term Integrity and Effectiveness of the Foam Structure. 5. Joint Technical Paper to Help Companies With New REACH Labelling Requirement A Group of European Plastics Trade Bodies Have Published Guidance for Businesses in the Run-Up to a New Labelling Regime, Due to Come Into Effect in October This Year, Spelling Out How to Reveal the Level of Microplastics in Certain Products. The Organisations Said the Document Is Designed to Support Polymer Producers, Compounders, Masterbatchers, and Converters as They Prepare for New Labelling Obligations, Which Are to Come Into Effect on 17 October 2025. 6. Arkema and Hexcel Achieve Breakthrough in Aerospace Thermoplastic Composite Technology Recently, Hexcel Showcased New Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PEKK Composite Components Developed in Collaboration With Arkema, Revealing the Breakthrough Progress of Both Parties in the Field of Thermoplastic Composites. The Helues Project, Funded by the German Aerospace Center and Supported by the Bavarian State Ministry of Economic Affairs, Brings Together Partners Such as Airbus Helicopters Germany GmbH, Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH, Christian Karl Siebenwurst GmbH & Co. KG, and Incoe Corporation. It Has Pioneered a New Manufacturing Process for High-Temperature Thermoplastic Composites Worldwide, With the Core Technology Being One-Step Molding and Injection Overmolding. The Technology Uses HexPly® Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Kepstan® PEKK Unidirectional Tapes and Kepstan™ PEKK Injection Compounds as Raw Materials, Enabling the Production of a Complex Structural Part With Reinforcing Ribs and Functional Components in as Little as 2 Minutes. 7. BYD's "Shenzhen" Departs for Europe, Carrying Over 6,800 New Energy Vehicles Caixin News Agency Reported on July 9 That the World's Second-Largest Car Carrier — BYD's "Shenzhen" Ro-Ro Ship, Loaded With Over 6,800 BYD New Energy Vehicles, Departed From Shenzhen Xiaomo International Logistics Port for Europe, Scheduled to Call at the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium. Overseas macro market information: ING: India Could Be the Next Country to Reach a Trade Deal With the US Deepali Bhargava, Head of Asia-Pacific Research at ING, Said That India Will Be the Next Country to Reach a Trade Deal With the US. Trump Recently Stated That the US Is Almost Reaching a Deal With India. Bhargava Said That India Is One of the First Countries to Start Trade Negotiations With the US. India Has Recently Offered Tariff Concessions in Politically and Economically Sensitive Industries Including Agriculture and Dairy Products. If India Makes Some Concessions on Agricultural Product Imports, the Two Countries May Reach an Agreement Soon. IDC: Global PC Shipments Grew 6.5% Year-on-Year in Q2 According to the Latest Preliminary Results of the Global Personal Computing Device Quarterly Tracking Data From the International Data Corporation (IDC), Global PC Shipments Grew 6.5% Year-on-Year in the Second Quarter of 2025, Reaching 68.4 Million Units. Import Tariff Policies Have Begun to Show Effects, and While Demand Remains Strong in Other Regions, Growth in the US PC Market Has Slowed. EU Negotiators Are Close to Reaching a Trade Deal With Trump According to the Financial Times, EU Negotiators Are Close to Reaching a Trade Deal With Trump, Which Will Confirm That the EU Faces Higher Tariffs Than the UK. US to Impose 25% Tariffs on Japan, Ishiba Shigeru Makes Tough Statement: Never Compromise Regarding the US Plan to Impose 25% Tariffs on Japan, Japanese Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru Said That Japan Will Unite Domestically to Safeguard National Interests and Will Not Compromise on Issues That Cannot Be Compromised, and Will Never Sacrifice Japan's Agriculture. Price information: Central Parity Rate of RMB Against USD: The Central Parity Rate of RMB Against USD Was Reported at 7.1541, Down 7 Pips; the Central Parity Rate of the Previous Trading Day Was 7.1534, the Official Closing Price of the Previous Trading Day Was 7.1732, and the Night Session Closing Price Was 7.1780. Raw Material USD Market Prices: Ethylene Asia: CFR Northeast Asia $820/ton; CFR Southeast Asia $830/ton.Propylene Northeast Asia: FOB Korea Average $740/ton; CFR China Average $785/ton.North Asia Frozen Cargo CIF, Propane $534-536/ton; Butane $504-506/ton.South China Frozen Cargo CIF for Early August, Propane $563-570/ton; Butane $533-540/ton.Taiwan Region Frozen Cargo CIF, Propane $534-536/ton; Butane $504-506/ton. LLDPE USD Market Prices: Film: $875-910/ton (CFR Huangpu), Down $20/ton;Injection Molding: $950/ton (CFR Dongguan). HDPE USD Market Prices: Film: $920/ton (CFR Huangpu);Blow Molding: $855-860/ton (CFR Huangpu).LDPE USD Market Prices:Film: $1,080-1,110/ton (CFR Huangpu);Coating: $1,350/ton (CFR Huangpu). PP USD Market Prices: Homopolymer: $935-980/ton (CFR Huangpu);Copolymer: $965-995/ton (CFR Huangpu);Film Grade: $1,000/ton (CFR Huangpu);Transparent Grade: $1,085/ton (CFR Huangpu);Pipe Grade: $1,160/ton (CFR Shanghai).  

International News Digest: Raw Material News: Grannex: Expansion of Mechanical Recycling Capacity in Germany​ Recycling News: PET/PEF Multi-Layer Bottle Awarded RecyClass Certification​ Automotive News: South Korea's Electric Vehicle Market Turning to Growth​ Macro News: U.S. Government Re-Allows Supply of Jet Engines to China​ Price Information: The Central Parity Rate of RMB Against USD Is 7.1535, Down 12 Points   Details of Global News: 1.Amcor Increases PCR Production to Meet Rising Demand Brands want more recycled plastic content in their packaging, and Amcor's latest investment can help them meet their sustainability and regulatory targets. The company announced an investment in its Nicholasville, KY, facility to increase post-consumer recycled (PCR) packaging production capabilities at precise levels of up to 100% recycled content. 2. GRANNEX：Expansion of Mechanical Recycling Capacity in Germany Mechanical recycler Grannex has invested around EUR 20 mn in expanding its recycling capacity at its Osnabrück site. After testing its proprietary recycling process at a pilot plant, Grannex has now scaled up the technology, the company said. At the beginning of 2025, the first full-scale facility based on this process was completed and has recently entered regular operation with a capacity of 16,000 t/y. Tosaf Launches Antifog Solution for High-Performance Packaging Applications Tosaf launches FogFree™ portfolio, delivering integrated antifog masterbatch solutions for extremely challenging polymers. These antifog compounds prevent droplet formation by modifying surface tension and encouraging a uniform water layer. 4. South Korea's Electric Vehicle Market Turns to Growth, and more Than 10 Electric Vehicles to Be Launched in The Second Half of The Year More than 10 electric vehicles will be launched by domestic and foreign automakers in South Korea in the second half of this year. In the past, the electric vehicle lineup was dominated by sport utility vehicles (SUVs), but in the second half of this year, new models will include electric sedans, hydrogen energy electric vehicles, high-performance vehicles, and personalized custom models (PBV), which is expected to expand the demand group. 5. Solvay Joint Venture Invests in Production Facilities in Chile Peróxidos do Brasil, a joint venture between Solvay and Produtos Químicos Makay (PQM), announced a new strategic investment in its Chilean production unit, reaffirming its commitment to providing excellent supply to customers in various South American markets. The $12 million (10.2 million euros) investment will be used to install a new production unit, enabling the division to expand its product portfolio and better serve all segments of the Andean market. This strategic move strengthens Peróxidos' commitment to sustainability by supporting the gradual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in its manufacturing processes. Construction will start in the second half of this year after obtaining all permits, with completion planned for 2026. 6. Italian packaging machinery: 2024 turnover exceeds 10 billion euros for the first time Italy's automatic packaging and cartoning machinery industry hit a record high in 2024, with turnover exceeding 10 billion euros for the first time, reaching 10.06 billion euros, a 9% increase from the previous year. These figures were released at the annual general meeting of the Italian Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Association (Ucima), based on the 13th national statistical survey conducted by the Mecs Research Center. The study covers 619 companies in the industry, which employed 40,503 people in 2024 (a 6% increase from 2023) and added 2,284 new jobs. 7. Japan Enforces New Rules for Food-Contact Plastics New rules for plastic foodcontact materials have applied in Japan since June 1, 2025.Japan introduced a Positive List system regulating synthetic resins used in food-contact utensils, containers, and packaging in June 2020 under its Food Sanitation Act. The legislation allowed for a 5-year transition period which has now expired. 8. PET/PEF Multi-Layer Bottle Awarded RecyClass Certification Avantium N.V., a leading company in the field of renewable polymer materials, announced that its PET/PEF multi-layer bottle is fully compatible with the PET recycling system. The European plastic circular economy organization RecyClass evaluated the bottle and officially awarded this certification. Avantium's PEF material (branded as releaf®) can be used in plant-based single-layer bottles and also has significant advantages when compounded with PET to make multi-layer bottles — as a barrier material, PEF can extend product shelf life more effectively than single-layer PET. 9. BYD Suspends Construction Plan of Mexican Automobile Plant Due to geopolitical tensions and uncertainties brought about by U.S. President Donald Trump's trade policies, BYD Co., Ltd., China's largest electric vehicle manufacturer, has shelved its plan to build a large-scale factory in Mexico.​ In an interview in Bahia, Brazil, Li Ke, executive vice president of BYD, stated that the company still has interest in expanding in the Americas but has no timetable for new investments. It is reported that BYD is opening its first factory outside Asia in Bahia, Brazil.​ "Geopolitical issues have a significant impact on the automotive industry," said Li Ke. "Now everyone is re-evaluating their strategies in other countries. We hope to make a decision after the situation becomes clearer."​   Overseas macro market information: Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba Says Japan-U.S. Trade Negotiations Are Progressing Steadily Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba refuted claims that Japan-U.S. trade negotiations have made little progress. In a televised interview on Thursday, he said: "Negotiations are progressing steadily, there is no doubt about it. The negotiations cover a wide range of areas such as non-tariff barriers, but progress is being made step by step on each issue." However, he did not suggest that an agreement would be reached soon before the July 9 deadline.  U.S. Government Re-Allows Supply of Jet Engines to China On July 3rd local time, Reuters quoted informed sources as saying that the U.S. government has notified General Electric Aerospace that it can resume supplying jet engines to Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. This further indicates that Sino-U.S. trade tensions are easing. Another source quoted by the report said that at least one other aerospace company's export license restrictions to China were also lifted on the same day, but the source declined to name the company. Just the day before, the U.S. government lifted export restrictions on Chinese chip design software and also revoked a restrictive licensing requirement implemented a few weeks ago, paving the way for the resumption of ethane exports to China. Cadence: Resuming EDA Software and Technology for Chinese Customers Cadence's latest announcement shows that on July 2, 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) notified the company that the license requirement for exports to China under the BIS regulations of May 23 was immediately revoked. Cadence is restoring access to EDA software and technology for affected customers in accordance with these updated U.S. export regulations. No further information will be provided at this time. Hong Kong Dollar Hibor Rises Across the Board; Hong Kong Monetary Authority Stepped Up Intervention Earlier Hong Kong dollar interbank offered rates (Hibor) rose across the board as the Hong Kong Monetary Authority bought Hong Kong dollars overnight to defend the linked exchange rate system. The 1-month Hibor rose 15 basis points to 0.86%; the overnight Hibor rose 1 basis point to 0.03%. Both hit a nearly one-week high. The 3-month Hibor rose 8 basis points to 1.78%, the highest level since May 21. Goldman Sachs Lowers U.S. Treasury Yield Forecast, Expects 10-Year Yield to Be 4.20% by the End of the Year Goldman Sachs Group lowered its forecast for U.S. Treasury yields, citing an increased possibility that the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates earlier than expected. They expect the 2-year and 10-year U.S. Treasury yields to be 3.45% and 4.20% respectively by the end of the year, compared with previous forecasts of 3.85% and 4.50%.   Price Information: 【RMB against US Dollar Central Parity Rate】 The central parity rate of RMB against the US dollar is reported at 7.1535, down by 12 points; the central parity rate of the previous trading day was 7.1523, the official closing price of the previous trading day was 7.1611, and the night session closing price of the previous night was 7.1717. 【US Dollar Market Prices of Raw Materials】 Ethylene Asia: CFR Northeast Asia 850 USD/ton; CFR Southeast Asia 860 USD/ton. Propylene Northeast Asia: FOB South Korea average price 745 USD/ton; CFR China average price 795 USD/ton. North Asia frozen cargo CIF price, propane 522-524 USD/ton; butane 495-497 USD/ton. South China frozen cargo CIF price for early August, propane 556-566 USD/ton; butane 521-531 USD/ton. Taiwan region frozen cargo CIF price, propane 522-524 USD/ton; butane 495-497 USD/ton. 【LLDPE US Dollar Market Prices】 Film: 875-930 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Injection molding: 940 USD/ton (CFR Dongguan); 【HDPE US Dollar Market Prices】 Film: 910-930 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Blow molding: 860-870 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); 【LDPE US Dollar Market Prices】 Film: 1080-1090 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Coating: 1350 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu) 【PP US Dollar Market Prices】 Homopolymer: 935-980 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Copolymer: 965-995 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Film material: 1000 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Transparent: 1085 USD/ton (CFR Huangpu); Pipe material: 1160 USD/ton (CFR Shanghai).  

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions has acquired Aero-Plastics Inc., an 80-year-old specialist manufacturer of aircraft interior components based in Renton, WA. The deal, valued at approximately 150 million SEK ($15.3 million), was finalized on April 10. Aero-Plastics enhances Trelleborg's aerospace portfolio with its expertise in precision injection molding, thermoforming, and machining of high-performance polymers. The specialization in window reveal and blind assemblies includes solutions featuring assembly, engraving, and specialized painted coatings. "This acquisition strengthens our position in thermoplastics and interiors while generating favorable synergies," said Gordon Roper, president, Trelleborg Sealing Solutions Business Unit, Global Aerospace. "Aero-Plastics' focus on long-term customer relationships aligns perfectly with our business principles." Strategic aerospace investments The acquisition marks Trelleborg's third major aerospace sector investment in recent months. Earlier in 2024, the company acquired Magee Plastics, another US-based thermoplastic solutions provider. Additionally, Trelleborg said it is developing a new state-of-the-art production facility in Morocco, scheduled to open later this year. Industry analysts note this acquisition comes amid significant growth in the global aerospace sector, which is expected to maintain its upward trajectory for several years. Integration has already begun, with Aero-Plastics employees joining Trelleborg during a ceremony at the Renton facility in April, the company noted. Earlier this year, Trelleborg also finalized the acquisition of CRC Distribution, a Robertsdale, AL–based distributor of polymer seals and services for hydraulics, hydropower, oil and gas, and fluid power applications. "CRC serves small hydraulic cylinder original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and maintenance repair operations (MROs)," Heather Castleman, business unit president, Industrial Americas, said in a statement at the time. "While we previously relied on distributors to address these market needs, we can now directly serve these hydraulic cylinder OEM and MRO customers." Strategic European expansion In a separate transaction, Trelleborg Industrial Solutions has acquired Sico Gesellschaft für Siliconverarbeitung mbH and its Czech joint venture, Sico Silicone, strengthening its European silicone manufacturing capabilities. The deal includes full ownership of Sico Silicone; Trelleborg previously held a 50% stake since 2016. The Germany-based Sico, with facilities in Witten and Velké Poříčí, Czech Republic, reported sales of approximately SEK 280 million ($28.5 million) in 2024. The company specializes in engineered silicone products, including tubes, hoses, and profiles for various sectors such as food and beverage, healthcare, automotive, and construction. "This acquisition enhances our European silicone manufacturing footprint and broadens our high-quality solutions portfolio," said Jean Paul Mindermann, president of Trelleborg Industrial Solutions. The strategic move aligns with Trelleborg's growth strategy of strengthening its position in complementary market segments. The integration of Sico's operations, particularly its expertise in extruded and molded silicone rubber products, is expected to create new opportunities in key industrial markets. The company said the transaction has been completed, and operations are already being consolidated.

Following the previous introduction of new materials in the C919 large aircraft, this article will continue to unveil the cutting-edge development trends of new materials, including advanced alloy materials, shape memory alloys, high-performance composite materials, thermoplastic composites, advanced smart materials, integrated structures materials, and additive manufacturing technology. As these technologies continue to mature, they are expected to play an even more critical role in the future of the aviation industry, ushering in a new era of flight. Advanced new alloy materialsOn the basis of traditional aerospace aluminum alloys, developing advanced new alloy materials with superior performance through composition and process modifications can effectively achieve weight reduction in aircraft structures.Representative陶铝 new materials are based on aluminum alloy substrates, in which nanoceramic particle reinforcement phases are generated in situ to achieve an optimized combination of the plasticity and toughness of the aluminum alloy substrate with the high strength and high modulus of the reinforcement phase, meeting the requirements of materials in complex application scenarios. Currently, 陶铝 new materials have broad application prospects in the aviation, aerospace, and automotive industries.Aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloys have become another highly competitive potential material for commercial aircraft applications due to their excellent weldability and corrosion resistance. Compared to 6XXX series aluminum alloys, aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloys offer higher static strength, fatigue and damage fracture performance, superior welding properties, and better corrosion resistance. Currently, medium-to-high-strength aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloys such as AA5024 and AA5028 from Germany's Rhein Aluminum are included in Airbus's material procurement catalog. Airbus-developed Scalmalloy, a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy, has been used in additive manufacturing. In 2016, Airbus 3D-printed a cabin partition using this material, helping the Airbus A320 achieve weight reduction.Additionally, large-scale primary load-bearing structures in aircraft have a strong demand for high-strength titanium alloys and damage-tolerant titanium alloys. Represented by Ti-1023, high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloys designed for damage tolerance requirements exhibit characteristics such as high specific strength, excellent fracture toughness, good hardenability, low forging temperature, superior fatigue resistance, and strong stress corrosion resistance. These alloys can replace Ti-6Al-4V in primary load-bearing structures like landing gear, achieving a 20% weight reduction benefit. This plays a significant and positive role in improving structural efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, and lowering costs. They have already been applied in aircraft such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 777. Shape Memory AlloyShape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a class of intelligent metallic materials that possess the characteristic of integrating sensing and actuation, meaning "the material is the device."Shape memory alloys possess two major properties: shape memory effect and superelasticity, which make them highly suitable for applications in the aerospace industry. Under the influence of temperature or electric current, shape memory alloys can exhibit self-driven effects, eliminating the need for complex drive mechanisms like motors or actuators. Intelligent actuation devices fabricated from shape memory alloy materials are becoming popular solutions for novel smart structures such as foldable wingtips, variable geometry wings, de-icing leading edges, and noise-reducing nacelles, due to their lightweight, continuous and coordinated deformation, significant relative deformation capability, lack of noise, and ease of control. The characteristics include: simple driving conditions; large output force and displacement, capable of meeting demands for significant deformation and high output force; small spatial requirements, flexible design and layout; high static strength, resistant to damage; no pollution or noise.Shape memory alloys have great potential for application in future civil aircraft. Boeing and Airbus have already laid out patent strategies for SMA actuators and latch mechanisms. In terms of morphing wings, SMAs also have potential applications. Scholars from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics have developed a variable height winglet with a grid structure and a variable tilt angle winglet driven by SMA springs on scaled demonstration aircraft.The movable surface structure of civil aircraft is an important structure for realizing flight control and lift enhancement. Currently, the actuation of such structures is mainly achieved through various types of actuators, such as hydraulic actuators and electro-hydraulic actuators, which are relatively heavy compared to traditional actuators. In the face of the urgent demands for more economical and environmentally friendly civil aircraft in the future, weight reduction of aircraft needs to be considered from various aspects. In terms of actuators for movable surface structures, research has shown that SMA actuators can achieve weight reduction of over 50% compared to traditional actuators. The "SAW (Spanwise Adaptive Wing)" project, jointly conducted by NASA and Boeing, focuses on SMA actuators and has carried out technical feasibility verification of the application of SMA actuation devices on aircraft, covering materials, processes, structures, and both scaled and full-size platform validation. High-performance/high-temperature resistant composite materialsComposite materials, whether fibers or matrix, come in a wide variety, and the combinations of these materials result in even more types of composite materials. Aerospace composite materials require better and more stable performance than general composite materials. Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites have high specific strength and specific modulus, good tailorability of material properties, a variety of molding process options, as well as excellent fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, and are widely used in the aviation field. Currently, the application of carbon fiber composites has become one of the important indicators of the advancement of civil aircraft. In addition, temperature-resistant composites represented by ceramic matrix composites have also become a potential avenue for achieving structural lightweighting in civil aircraft.In March 2014, Dongli Company utilized traditional PAN solution spinning technology, precisely controlled the carbonization process, and employed advanced nanotechnology to improve the microstructure of carbon fibers at the nanoscale, significantly enhancing their strength and modulus. This led to the successful development of high-performance carbon fiber at the T1100G level, with a modulus increased to 324 GPa and strength raised to 7.0 GPa. Relevant companies and institutions in Japan and the United States have clearly stated that the application goal for high-performance carbon fibers is the high-end aerospace market, aiming to replace the currently widely used carbon fiber products, enhance the comprehensive performance of aircraft structural components in terms of strength and stiffness, reduce structural thickness, lighten weight, improve flight speed, and greatly enhance maneuverability.The world's largest tier one aerospace structure manufacturer, Spirit Aerosystems, has launched an innovative composite fuselage wall panel based on T1100, which is expected to reduce production costs for future composite fuselages by 30%. In 2022, Overair announced a collaboration with Toray Composite Materials America to construct the main fuselage components of its "Butterfly" electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft using the next-generation T1100/3960 high-performance materials. With the rapid development of aviation technology, more extreme environments pose higher demands on aircraft materials, creating an urgent need for the development and application of materials that withstand low-temperature insulation, high-temperature resistance, and radiation resistance. For hypersonic aircraft, both the aircraft's surface and internal power systems are facing increasingly significant high-temperature issues, raising the requirements for materials' high-temperature performance. High-temperature/thermal protection materials include advanced high-temperature alloys and ceramic matrix composites, ultra-high-temperature ceramics, high-temperature insulation materials, refractory materials, and thermal protection coating technologies. Thermoplastic compositesFiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites refer to composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, etc., and thermoplastic resins.Compared to thermoset composites, continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites offer outstanding post-impact compression performance, high fracture toughness, recyclability, lower storage costs, and shorter processing cycles, making them suitable for demanding environments and high-load-bearing applications. Additionally, since thermoplastic composite components can be welded together without drilling or riveting, they significantly reduce structural weight and manufacturing costs while improving structural efficiency. Currently, aerospace-grade thermoplastic composite systems include CF/PPS, CF/PEEK, and CF/PEKK, which are used for functional components and primary/secondary load-bearing structures. Other thermoplastic material systems, such as nylon and PI, are also applied.Major countries around the world attach great importance to the research of thermoplastic composites. In recent years, under the strong promotion of the EU and aerospace manufacturing companies such as Airbus and Fokker Aerospace, thermoplastic composites have frequently made their mark on civilian aircraft, becoming formidable competitors to thermosetting composites in some components. The most representative applications include the use of thermoplastic composite wing leading edges and keel beam structures in the Airbus A340 and A380 aircraft. The connection between the skin and ribs of the leading edge employs advanced thermoplastic welding technology. Meanwhile, Airbus has applied PEEK advanced composite corner pieces on the A350 aircraft, with as many as 3,000 of them. The Affordable Primary Aircraft Structures Thermoplastic (TAPAC) organization developed thermoplastic composite torque box segments for structures such as parallel tails and thermoplastic composite fuselage panels with stiffened structures in 2011.In 2024, the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) announced that it had completed, in collaboration with partners, a thermoplastic composite fuselage demonstrator measuring 8 meters in length and 4 meters in diameter, which is currently the largest carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite fuselage component in the world. The materials and manufacturing technologies used in this project can reduce structural weight by approximately 10% and lower costs by 10% during high-speed production processes. Advanced Intelligent MaterialsSmart materials and structures integrate sensors, actuators, and control elements with the main body structure, not only possessing the ability to bear loads and transmit motion but also featuring functions such as detection (stress, strain, damage, temperature, pressure, etc.), deformation (altering structural shape and position to achieve optimal aerodynamic characteristics), and modifying structural properties (stress-strain distribution, structural damping, natural frequency, surrounding electromagnetic field distribution). The advent of smart materials enables structures to not only carry loads but also exhibit perception (self-detection capability), decision-making (self-processing capability), and even execution functions (self-healing and adaptive capabilities).Currently, carbon nanotubes and graphene, among other nanomaterials, have become focal points in the field of smart materials due to their excellent thermal, electrical, and optical properties. Additionally, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and electrorheological materials are gaining widespread application because of their good integrability for monitoring and feedback. The damage sensitivity of smart composite materials has rapidly improved in recent years with extensive research both domestically and internationally, making their applications in damage monitoring a hot topic of study.The realization of intelligent composite materials for civil aircraft will rely on three methods:One is to disperse graphene or carbon nanotube powder in the matrix material, and achieve the monitoring of the matrix material through the change in the structural resistance of the nanomaterial during the deformation process of the composite material.Second, form a conductive thin-film network structure using nanomaterials through specific methods, and monitor by utilizing changes in the electrical properties of the conductive network structure during the deformation of the material.The third approach involves coating other fiber materials with nanomaterials to enhance their conductivity, and monitoring structural deformation through changes in the resistance of the conductive fibers during deformation. This material achieves self-sensing, self-detecting, and self-adapting purposes by perceiving microstructural changes and responding to macroscopic parameters.Focused research and development in this field are expected to achieve further breakthroughs in material preparation and sensing characteristics, playing a significant role in future civil aircraft models. By embedding or attaching smart actuation materials such as shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and electrorheological materials into composite materials, it is possible to control vibration and noise, adjust shapes, and enhance the matrix of composite structures. This can significantly improve the efficiency of composite material usage and meet the special requirements of service environments for composite structures. Smart structures are closely related to cutting-edge disciplines such as materials science, information science, bionics, and life sciences, offering vast application prospects and potentially revolutionizing concepts in structural design, manufacturing, maintenance, and control. Integrated Structural MaterialsWith the increasing demand for environmental protection in civil aviation, countries around the world have successively launched Clean Sky projects, aiming to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions through collaborative research on new materials, processes, and technologies. Structural-functional integrated composite materials are considered one of the key technologies with significant potential for structural weight reduction in the future. The approach involves integrating the functional requirements of civil aircraft into existing structures, combining load-bearing and functional structures into one.Current advanced international aircraft models have achieved structural-functional integration in specific areas, such as the electrothermal anti-icing leading edge used in the Boeing 787 and the lightning protection network combining metal strips and structural components in the Airbus A350. Compared to traditional pneumatic anti-icing systems that require extensive piping, the electrothermal anti-icing integrated structure eliminates the need for additional structural installations, saving weight, and its thermal efficiency is more than 1.5 times that of pneumatic methods. By integrating conductive materials with structural design, the electrical conductivity of composite materials can be enhanced, providing effective protection for the aircraft structure and systems. Additionally, load-bearing energy storage composite material technology is a highly researched field, characterized by enabling composite structures to meet load-bearing requirements while possessing certain electrical storage capabilities, thereby effectively reducing aircraft weight. With the development of the low-altitude economy, the relatively heavy battery power systems currently constrain the endurance and effective payload capacity of drones. Carbon fiber-based structural energy storage composite materials are expected to save payload space, reduce system weight, and improve battery energy density, making them a research hotspot for universities and research institutions both domestically and internationally.In addition to withstanding flight loads, aircraft structures must also meet requirements such as lightning protection, sound insulation and noise reduction, anti-icing and de-icing, and fire resistance. Traditional functional structural designs often lead to increased structural weight, resulting in higher flight costs and reduced economic efficiency. Nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, biomimetic materials, and shape memory alloy materials exhibit excellent performance in optical, electrical, mechanical, and acoustic aspects. Their application in aircraft structures will enable integrated functional structural design, achieving weight reduction and efficiency improvement, with broad prospects. For example, an integrated structure of graphene film and composite wing skin can provide functions such as anti-icing/de-icing and lightning protection for the wing skin, eliminating the need for additional weight from lightning protection copper mesh and bleed air anti-icing pipelines. The engine nozzle of the Boeing 777-300 uses SMA materials to achieve configuration changes that reduce noise. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics has developed a prototype aircraft that uses SMA springs to drive variable cant-angle winglets. The development of nanotechnology, biomimetic technology, and new functional materials provides possibilities for integrated structural and functional design in civil aircraft. In summary, integrated structural and functional design and manufacturing are expected to offer new methods and approaches to solving aircraft functional issues, while also enhancing the efficiency, economy, and competitiveness of airframe structures. Additive manufacturingAdditive Manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a forming technology that integrates various fields and disciplines such as materials engineering, mechanical engineering, computer engineering, and laser and electron beam technologies.It is based on computer three-dimensional digital models, and through software, the models are layered and constructed by printing raw materials such as powder or wire layer by layer, achieving integrated forming of complex structural parts, personalized customization of special structural parts, and rapid response to design requirements.Compared with traditional manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing can enhance the flexibility and freedom of part design; achieve the one-piece forming of complex parts, improving the overall performance and quality of the parts; increase material utilization and reduce material waste; and facilitate prototype validation and personalized customization of parts. These advantages have led to widespread attention and application of additive manufacturing in various fields such as aerospace, automotive, and medical.The aforementioned advantages of additive manufacturing align well with the goals and demands of weight reduction, cost savings, and rapid response in civil aircraft, making it a consistently high-profile technology in the field of civil aircraft manufacturing. Companies such as Boeing, Airbus, and COMAC have already achieved the application of additive-manufactured components in aircraft. As the technology matures further, the use of additive manufacturing in the civil aviation industry will continue to expand. Metal Additive Manufacturing According to the materials used, additive manufacturing can be divided into metal additive manufacturing and non-metal additive manufacturing.Metal additive manufacturing uses metal powders/wires as raw materials and high-energy beams (such as lasers, electron beams, arcs, plasma beams, etc.) as the energy source to manufacture high-performance metal components. According to the manufacturing principle, metal additive manufacturing technology can be further divided into Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) technology and Directed Energy Deposition (DED) technology.Powder bed fusion technology was patented by EOS in 1994. This technology involves supplying a uniform layer of powder onto a deposition plane and directing an energy source to irradiate the powder at specified locations, causing it to melt and solidify. Once a plane is completed, the energy is directed to the next plane, repeating the process until the part is fully formed.Directed Energy Deposition (DED) technology was first successfully developed by Sandia National Laboratories in the United States in 1995. This process involves feeding metal powder or wire to a substrate and focusing a laser beam, electron beam, or arc energy source onto the powder bed to form multiple small molten pools and continuously deposit material, ultimately achieving integrated forming. Depending on the selected energy source, DED technology can also be categorized into laser metal deposition, electron beam additive manufacturing, wire arc additive manufacturing, and other techniques. Non-metal additive manufacturingSimilar to metal additive manufacturing technology, non-metal additive manufacturing technology involves the layer-by-layer printing of non-metallic material filaments or powder raw materials to achieve the final shape. The two commonly used non-metal additive manufacturing technologies in the civil aircraft industry are Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). Non-metal additive manufactured parts are often used for functional interior components and functional secondary load-bearing components.Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology was invented in the 1980s by Scott Crump, the founder of American company Stratasys. This technology heats and melts thermoplastic filaments, which are then extruded from a nozzle along the paths determined by slicing software at a certain speed. The extruded filament solidifies on the platform, after which the nozzle is raised to form the next layer.FDM technology does not involve laser, high temperature and high pressure environments, making the technology relatively simple. The equipment is compact, the operation is straightforward, and both printing and maintenance costs are relatively low. The raw materials do not undergo chemical changes during the entire forming process, and the warpage and deformation of the parts are minimal. A variety of commonly used engineering plastics such as ULTEM 9085, polycarbonate (PC), and nylon (PA) can be selected as raw materials for printing. However, it also has some noticeable drawbacks: the surface roughness is relatively high; support structures are needed during the forming process, and removing the supports after printing can be complicated and may leave marks on the surface; due to the limitations of the printing process, parts manufactured using FDM technology have significantly weaker strength in the vertical forming direction compared to other printing directions, and the issue of anisotropy is prominent. Despite having many disadvantages, FDM technology is mature, easy to operate, and cost-effective, and has been widely used in the manufacturing of non-metal interior parts for aircraft.Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology was invented by Dr. Carl Deckard in 1989. This technology uses a laser to sinter layers of material powder that are spread on a platform. Once the sintering of one layer's cross-section is completed, new powder is evenly spread over the sintered cross-section to sinter the next layer. After all cross-sections have been sintered, the excess powder is removed to obtain a fully formed part. Parts manufactured using SLS technology exhibit better performance and reduced anisotropy, making them highly valuable in the field of civil aviation manufacturing. Titanium Alloy Additive ManufacturingTitanium alloy additive manufacturing components have been applied in various models. In 2016, Airbus utilized Ti-6Al-4V additive manufacturing to optimize the design of the A350XWB connection bracket and successfully implemented it in the aircraft. This marked the first time that a metal additive manufacturing component was installed in a model, as shown in the figure. Airbus adopted titanium alloy additive manufacturing technology to optimize the structure of this component, successfully reducing its weight by over 30%, significantly shortening the delivery cycle, and lowering manufacturing costs. Aluminum alloy additive manufacturingThe vertical tail fin support of the Airbus A350XWB is made using AlSi10Mg through additive manufacturing, integrating 30 parts into one, achieving a weight reduction of up to 30%, and successfully shortening the manufacturing cycle from 70 days to 19 hours, significantly reducing the manufacturing time.The Airbus A320 lightweight bio-inspired cabin partition structure utilizes the second-generation Al-Mg-Sc alloy Scalmalloy®️ developed by Airbus subsidiary APWORKS, employing Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology, achieving a 45% weight reduction and a 75% cost reduction, thereby meeting the design requirements for weight and cost reduction in the model. Additive manufacturing of resin-based compositesFor additive manufacturing, the most commonly used composite materials are fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites. Fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites are composed of chopped or continuous fibers and their fabrics reinforcing thermosetting or thermoplastic resin matrices, formed through specific processes. They are widely applied in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and other fields, characterized by high specific strength and specific modulus, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, strong designability, ease of large-area integral forming, and special electromagnetic properties. The extensive use of fiber-reinforced composites in the aerospace field not only reduces structural weight but also enhances equipment performance and quality through integrated structural and functional design.Currently, commonly used additive manufacturing composite materials typically use PEEK, PEKK, and nylon as the matrix, with carbon fiber or glass fiber to reinforce and enhance the material's various properties. In 2019, the HexPEKK-100 material, based on carbon fiber and PEKK and produced by America's largest carbon fiber manufacturer, completed certification. It was used to manufacture pipeline components and other parts for the Boeing 777X using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology, reducing the weight by about 50% compared to the original aluminum alloy parts. The figure below shows some of the composite material pipeline components of the Boeing 777X. The Challenges of Additive ManufacturingIn the civil aircraft industry, companies including Boeing, Airbus, and COMAC are actively promoting the application of additive manufacturing and have implemented additive-manufactured parts in multiple aircraft models. The civil aircraft industry imposes extremely high demands on material performance and reliability, meaning materials suitable for traditional manufacturing techniques may not necessarily be suitable for additive manufacturing. Therefore, developing high-performance materials tailored for additive manufacturing and establishing a rigorous, comprehensive quality control and certification system is particularly critical.

2024 marks the beginning of China's low-altitude economy industry, which encompasses various aircraft such as drones, low-altitude aircraft, and air taxis, heralding the emergence of a massive industry. With the rapid growth of the low-altitude economy, it brings innovative changes to multiple sectors including logistics, agriculture, emergency services, tourism, and also provides a new stage for the application of composite materials.Composite materials, with their advantages of being lightweight, high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and highly moldable, have become the ideal material for manufacturing low-altitude aircraft. In this era of low-altitude economy that prioritizes efficiency, endurance, and environmental protection, the use of composite materials not only impacts the performance and safety of aircraft but also serves as a key driver for the development of the entire industry.From carbon fiber-reinforced drone wings to lightweight structures made of fiberglass, innovations in composite materials continue to drive the growth of the low-altitude economy. The close connection between low-altitude economics and composite materials is evident in technological advancements and industrial upgrades. As global policies on low-altitude areas gradually relax and new materials and processes continue to emerge, composites are facing unprecedented opportunities in the application of low-altitude aircraft.Let's delve deeper into the composite materials used in low-altitude aircraft.=carbon fiber composite material=The rapid growth of the low-altitude economy has not only brought innovative changes to industries such as logistics, agriculture, emergency rescue, and tourism but has also provided significant development opportunities for composite materials, especially carbon fiber.Carbon fiber, due to its lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, has become an ideal material for the manufacturing of low-altitude flying vehicles. It not only reduces the weight of the aircraft but also enhances performance and economic benefits, making it an effective alternative to traditional metal materials. According to data from Stratview, cited by the China Composite Materials Industry Association, over 90% of the composite materials in air cars are carbon fiber, with the remaining approximately 10% being glass fiber. In eVTOL aircraft, carbon fiber is widely used in structural components and propulsion systems, accounting for about 75-80%, while internal applications such as beams and seat structures account for 12-14%, and battery systems and avionics equipment account for 8-12%.Leading eVTOL manufacturers in China, such as EHANG Intelligent, XPeng HT, and FENGFAYUN, all incorporate carbon fiber composite materials in their designs. For example, the rotors and landing gear of XPeng HT's X2 are also made with carbon fiber composite materials. These applications highlight the crucial role of carbon fiber in the low-altitude economy, foreshadowing a significant demand for carbon fiber.As global policies on low-altitude airspace gradually loosen and new materials and processes continue to emerge, the application of carbon fiber in low-altitude aircraft is ushering in unprecedented development opportunities. It is estimated that the demand for carbon fiber for a single eVTOL ranges between 100-400kg, providing vast space for the development and upgrading of enterprises in the carbon fiber industry chain.It is expected that by 2030, the global order volume for eVTOLs will reach 8,000 units, including approximately 1,700 business electric aircraft, with the remaining 6,300 units being eVTOLs. The fuselage structure of eVTOLs largely uses carbon fiber composites, with a single eVTOL requiring between 100-400 kg of carbon fiber, which is expected to drive a demand in the thousand-ton range. The usage of this material accounts for over 70% of the fuselage's weight, with more than 90% of the composite materials being carbon fiber. Based on a ratio of 7:3 for carbon fiber to resin, the demand for carbon fiber per eVTOL is estimated to be around 97-363 kg. Therefore, with the rapid development of the eVTOL industry, it is expected to bring an incremental demand of 600-2,300 tons for carbon fiber.= Fiber Glass Composite Material =Glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of low-altitude aircraft such as drones due to its characteristics of corrosion resistance, tolerance to high and low temperatures, radiation resistance, flame retardancy, and aging resistance. The application of this material helps reduce the weight of aircraft, increase payload capacity, save energy, and achieve aesthetically pleasing designs. Therefore, GFRP has become one of the key materials in the low-altitude economy.In the production of low-altitude aircraft, fiberglass cloth is widely used in the manufacturing of key structural components such as the fuselage, wings, and tail. Its lightweight properties help improve the cruise efficiency of the aircraft, while also providing greater structural strength and stability.For components requiring excellent wave-transparent performance, such as radomes and fairings, glass fiber composite materials are typically used. For instance, in high-altitude long-endurance UAVs and the U.S. Air Force's RQ-4 Global Hawk UAV, carbon fiber composites are used for the wings, tail, engine nacelles, and rear fuselage, while glass fiber composites are selected for the radomes and fairings to ensure clear signal transmission.The ARJ21 regional jet produced by COMAC utilizes approximately 2% composite materials, including carbon fiber/epoxy composites in the rudder and winglets, as well as glass fiber/epoxy composites in the wing-body fairings and nose radome. In the aerospace field, the application of fiberglass is not limited to enhancing structural performance; it also plays a significant role in the aircraft's exterior design.For example, fiberglass cloth can be used to manufacture aircraft fairings and windows, which not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the aircraft but also improves passenger comfort. Similarly, in satellite design, fiberglass cloth can be used to construct the outer surface structures of solar panels and antennas, thereby enhancing both the appearance and functional reliability of the satellite.Aramid fiber compositeThe aramid paper honeycomb core material, designed with a hexagonal structure inspired by natural honeycomb, is highly regarded for its exceptional specific strength, specific stiffness, and structural stability. Additionally, this material boasts excellent sound insulation, thermal insulation, and flame-retardant properties. It produces very low smoke and toxicity during combustion, making it a preferred choice for high-end applications in aerospace and high-speed transportation vehicles. Despite the high cost of aramid paper honeycomb core materials, they are often chosen as key lightweight materials for high-end equipment such as aircraft, missiles, and satellites, especially in the manufacture of components requiring wide-band transmission performance and large rigid secondary load-bearing structures.Lightweighting EffectivenessAromatic paper, as a key structural material for the airframe, plays a crucial role in eVTOLs, which are major aircraft in the low-altitude economy, especially when used as a core layer in carbon fiber honeycomb structures. This technology has been widely adopted by leading global eVTOL manufacturers such as Joby, Archer, EHang, and Pingtai.In the field of drones, the application of Nomex honeycomb material (aramid paper) is also extensive, being used in parts such as the fuselage shell, wing skin, and leading edges. For instance, the prototype of the French-made Orcado multi-purpose drone, the Cheetah 2, adopts a design using composite materials of glass fiber/carbon fiber/aramid fiber.The drone landing gear and tubular structural components displayed by Taihe New Materials at the Shanghai Composites Exhibition are made of aramid fiber composites. These parts are manufactured using the filament winding process with aramid prepregs and are primarily used in low-altitude aircraft, featuring lightweight and high-toughness characteristics.Protective performanceAramid fiber's application in the protective components and bulletproof armor of drones has significantly enhanced the survivability of drones in harsh environments and safeguarded critical components from damage.=Other sandwich composite materials=Low-altitude aircraft, such as drones, widely utilize sandwich structure materials like honeycomb, adhesive films, foam plastics, and foam adhesives in their manufacturing process, in addition to reinforcement materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, and aramid fiber.Commonly used sandwich core materials include honeycomb cores (such as paper honeycomb, Nomex honeycomb, etc.), wooden cores (such as birch, paulownia, pine, and basswood), and foam plastic cores (such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene foam plastics).The foam sandwich structure, due to its water-resistant, buoyant properties, as well as its工艺优势 in being able to fill the hollow spaces within the wings and tail sections of drones整体, has been widely adopted in the structural design of unmanned aerial vehicles. Note: There seems to be a partial sentence in Chinese characters (工艺优势 in being able to fill the hollow spaces within the wings and tail sections of drones整体) that does not fully translate into coherent English. The provided translation focuses on conveying the meaning of the surrounding content.Taking the X-45A unmanned combat aircraft developed by Boeing in the United States as an example, its fuselage uses low-temperature cured prepreg, while the wings employ foam resin core (FMC) technology, significantly reducing manufacturing costs by half compared to traditional methods.When designing low-speed drones, components with low strength requirements, regular shapes, large curved surfaces, and easy layup—such as horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizers, and wing stabilizers—typically use honeycomb sandwich structures. For more complex-shaped components with small curved surfaces, like elevator control surfaces, rudder control surfaces, and aileron control surfaces, foam sandwich structures are often preferred. For sandwich structures requiring higher strength, wooden sandwich materials may be chosen. Meanwhile, components that demand both high strength and high stiffness, such as fuselage skins, T-beams, and L-beams, usually employ laminated plate structures. The manufacturing of these components involves preforming and selecting appropriate reinforcing fibers, matrix materials, fiber content, and laminate designs based on requirements for in-plane stiffness, bending strength, torsional stiffness, and strength. Additionally, different ply angles, layer counts, stacking sequences, and curing processes with varying heating temperatures and pressure levels are applied.

Light show drones are a new type of equipment that performs light shows through drone technology, which has been widely used in performances, parties, and other occasions in recent years. The light strips/light covers are their key components, requiring materials to be high-strength, heat-resistant, and have good light diffusion effects.light diffusion PCIn this type of application, light-diffusing PC material is usually chosen as the lampshade. This is a modified plastic that is translucent but not transparent, made from a base of transparent polycarbonate plastic, with the addition of light diffusers and other additives, and processed through special modification techniques. The light source's rays undergo multiple refractions, reflections, and scattering within the light-diffusing PC light strip/lampshade, transforming point light sources into soft, uniform surface light sources, avoiding strong hotspots and glare, and providing a comfortable visual effect.The strength of light-diffusing PC material is relatively high, with good impact resistance. Even when subjected to a certain degree of external force collision, it is not easy to break. This can ensure that during the installation and use of the light strip/light cover, the material will not be damaged due to accidental collisions, thereby extending the service life of the light strip.Light diffusing PC material has good weather resistance, whether it is high temperature, low temperature, humidity, or ultraviolet radiation, etc., it is not easy to cause problems such as material aging, discoloration, and embrittlement. When the drone flies outdoors for a long time, the lampshade/light strip always maintains good optical and mechanical properties.light diffuserLight diffusing plastic essentially aims to increase the material's haze while maintaining high light transmittance, finding a balance between the two.The main approach currently being developed is to add light diffusers, which are essentially highly spherical microspheres close to nanosize that can transmit visible light and also scatter it.Light diffusers can be added to transparent resins such as PC, PVC, PS, PMMA, PET, epoxy resins, and LEDs (light-emitting diodes) to increase light scattering and transmission. While blocking the glaring point light source, it can also make the entire resin emit a softer, more beautiful, and elegant light, achieving a comfortable effect of light transmission without transparency.working principleOrganic light diffusers are synthesized using polymerization technology through means such as cross-linking and grafting functional groups to produce microspheres with uniform particle size distribution, of which silicone is one category.The light diffusion principle of organic light diffusers is: light passes through the surface of organic light diffuser particles, utilizing the refractive index difference between the organic light diffuser and the base resin, producing light refraction to achieve the effect of light diffusion, i.e., uniform light.Compared to inorganic light diffusers that only provide uniform light without enhancing transmission, organic nano-microbead light diffusers allow light to pass through, effectively solving the issues of uniform light and light transmission, with silicone-based organic light diffusers showing even more pronounced effects.light diffuser selectiondifferent light diffuser compound selectionDifferent light diffuser compound selections can achieve cross refraction, greatly increasing the haze. The reason is that multi-component light diffusers have different refractive indices, but the light transmittance is not as high as that of a single component formula.(2) Different light diffusers are selected for different substratesIt is required to maintain a certain difference in refractive index between the light diffuser and the base material resin to ensure sufficient light refraction; however, the difference in refractive index cannot be too large, as this would cause total reflection, greatly affecting transparency. Therefore, different light diffusers are chosen for different base materials.(3) particle size distribution of light diffusing agentThe light diffuser is spherical in shape, with a particle size distribution in the range of 2 to 4 μm. The uniformity of its particle size has a significant impact on the light diffusion effect; the narrower the particle size distribution, the better the light diffusion effect.The impact of light diffusers on resin performanceoptical performanceThe transmittance of resin with added light diffuser will decrease, and it is required that the impact of the light diffuser on transmittance be as small as possible. A good light diffuser should result in a small decrease in transmittance when added to the resin, while significantly increasing the haze.mechanical propertiesCompared to inorganic light diffusers, which can lead to a decrease in impact strength and tensile strength, organic light diffusers have less effect on the mechanical properties of resins and may even improve them to varying degrees.

The aerospace field, as the forefront of modern technology, has seen its rapid development place increasingly stringent demands on material properties. With the continuous advancement of space technology and the growing complexity of aircraft, there are higher requirements for the strength, toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, and lightweight properties of materials. To meet these demands, composite material technology, especially high-modulus carbon fibers and multifunctional integrated design, with their unique advantages, have an increasingly broad application prospect in the aerospace field.evolution of high modulus carbon fiberCarbon fiber composite materials (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, CFRP) have been widely used in the aerospace field since the 1960s due to their characteristics such as high strength, high modulus, low density, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and good designability.Lightweight advantage: The density of carbon fiber is only about 1/4 that of steel, but its tensile strength is much higher than that of steel. This allows carbon fiber composites to reduce structural weight while maintaining or even improving the strength and stability of the structure. This is of great significance for improving the payload capacity, fuel efficiency, and maneuverability of aircraft. For example, the carbon fiber composite content in the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 XWB exceeds 50% and 53%, respectively, significantly enhancing the performance of the aircraft.Heat resistance: During space flight, the spacecraft needs to withstand extremely high temperatures and pressures. Carbon fiber composite materials have good heat resistance and can be used to manufacture the thermal protection system of the spacecraft, such as insulation layers and heat-resistant tiles, effectively protecting the spacecraft from damage in high-temperature environments.Optimization of manufacturing processes: With the development of computer technology and materials science, the optimized design of carbon fiber composite materials has become possible. By adjusting parameters such as the arrangement of fibers, the type and content of the resin matrix, the performance of the material can be further optimized. At the same time, the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies such as Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) and Automated Tape Laying (ATL) can greatly improve production efficiency and quality stability.The challenges and prospects of multifunctional integrated designMultifunctional integrated composite material is an advanced material that integrates multiple functions, combining the advantages of traditional materials and achieving functional synergy and integration through advanced manufacturing technology.performance featuresLightweight and high-strength: Composite materials have extremely high specific strength and specific stiffness, which can reduce the weight of the structure while maintaining its strength and stability.Excellent fatigue resistance: Aerospace structures need to withstand repeated stress changes during service, and composite materials have excellent fatigue resistance, which can effectively resist long-term stress effects.Excellent chemical stability: Composite materials can maintain stability and a long service life in environments with high temperature, high humidity, and chemical erosion.application statusStructural component manufacturing: Multi-functional integrated composite materials are widely used in the manufacturing of structural components for aircraft, satellites, etc., such as fuselage, wings, tail, etc.Thermal protection system: These materials are also used to manufacture the thermal protection systems of aircraft, enhancing the survivability and combat effectiveness of the aircraft.Functional components: such as antennas, solar panel mounts, etc., these components need to have good mechanical properties and stability, and composite materials happen to meet these requirements.challenges facedHigh costs: Despite the excellent properties of carbon fiber composites, their high costs have always been one of the main factors limiting their widespread application. To reduce costs, researchers are exploring new preparation methods and recycling technologies.Airworthiness certification: The airworthiness certification process for composite aircraft structures is complex and time-consuming, requiring strict adherence to safety standards and regulations.The complexity of manufacturing processes: issues exist in the curing of large-sized integral wall panels, curing of large beams in ovens, and liquid molding of large components, requiring continuous improvement and optimization of manufacturing processes.future development trendsTechnological innovation: As material science and manufacturing technology continue to advance, the performance stability and production efficiency of multifunctional integrated composite materials will be further improved.规模化生产：Scale production: By reducing costs and optimizing manufacturing processes, these high-performance composite materials are expected to achieve scale production and find wider application in the aerospace field.Environmental protection and sustainable development: As environmental protection and sustainable development receive increasing attention, lightweight, high-strength, and environmentally friendly composite materials will play a crucial role in green aviation and space exploration.Aerospace composite material technology, especially high-modulus carbon fiber and multifunctional integrated design, has brought revolutionary changes to modern aerospace technology. Through continuous technological innovation and the implementation of optimization strategies, we can further improve the performance stability and production efficiency of composite materials, promoting the sustained development of the aerospace industry. In the future, with the continuous advancement of materials science and manufacturing technology, these high-performance composite materials will play an even more important role in the aerospace field.

recently,The French and Dutch joint aviation holding company Air France-KLM has announced that it is in negotiations with the Spanish airline Air Europa regarding an equity acquisition.Air France-KLM CEO Ben Smith confirmed the news in an interview with the media, stating that they have met with Air Europa and are beginning to consider acquiring shares.Image source: Airliners.deSmith clearly stated,lawAir France-KLM's goal is to fully integrate Air Europa into its group, and a "clear path" is a "prerequisite" for acquiring a majority stake.He also added that Air France-KLM hopes to achieve control. Previously, Air France-KLM had engaged in commercial cooperation with Europa Airlines under the SkyTeam framework, but there was no mention of plans to acquire shares.Smith pointed out that although there is no clear acquisition ratio at present, for Air France-KLM, obtaining a majority stake is the key to successful negotiations. If the negotiations go smoothly,Air France-KLM may reach a similar equity structure to that of another airline, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), within two years.Since 2023, Air France-KLM has held nearly 20% of SAS's shares.The valuation of Europa Airways is approximately 1 billion euros., however, IAG (International Airlines Group), the parent company of Aerolíneas Europa, has another subsidiary, Iberia, which received a total amount during the pandemic475 million euros in government loansTo repay these loans, Europa Airlines is currently seeking investors to join, particularly shareholders who can help it through its financial difficulties.Most of the shares of Air Europa are held by the Spanish tourism group Globalia, with an additional 20% held by IAG.IAG had intended to acquire Air Europa, but due to the European Commission's concerns that the acquisition could lead to excessive market concentration, it ultimately failed to succeed.In addition, German aviation giant Lufthansa has also expressed interest in acquiring a minority stake in Air Europa.Despite this, Air France-KLM believes that compared to Lufthansa, its smaller market share in Southern Europe might make it easier to obtain regulatory approval. EU regulators typically take a cautious approach to large-scale mergers and acquisitions in the aviation industry, concerned that such deals could lead to higher ticket prices and thus impact consumer interests.Smith also pointed out,Air France-KLM's geographic expansion will focus on the southern European market.But this expansion should not be "at any price." He emphasized that although the group is very interested in further developing in the southern European market, the expansion will still proceed in a reasonable and sustainable manner.Apart from Europa Airlines,Air France-KLM has also shown interest in the Portuguese airline TAP Air Portugal. The Portuguese government plans to privatize TAP, and other airlines, including Lufthansa and IAG, are also eyeing this opportunity.Smith stated that Air France-KLM is closely monitoring the process and is willing to take action based on market conditions.Air France-KLM is actively seeking opportunities to enhance its competitiveness in the southern European market and expand its market share in the region through the acquisition of Air Europa. As the acquisition negotiations proceed, the relevant equity ratios and transaction details are still under further discussion. Meanwhile, Air France-KLM has also shown interest in the privatization of TAP Air Portugal, which could be another avenue for its further expansion. Despite facing challenges from EU regulations, Air France-KLM firmly believes that acquiring Air Europa will help strengthen its competitiveness in the European and Latin American markets and provide strong support for the group's future development.

Sure, please provide the content that needs to be translated. It seems the actual text to translate is missing from your message. Once you provide it, I can proceed with the translation as per your instructions.The low-altitude economy is booming.Drones, which were previously considered only as high-end toys, are now shining in various fields, such as pesticide spraying, terrain surveying, urban food delivery, and disaster rescue...Moreover, the applications are continuously expanding.We can foresee that the application scenarios of the low-altitude economy will see explosive innovation in the near future.From a material perspective, it's unrealistic to think that one base material can meet all application needs.So today, we're not just sharing hearsay, but rather consolidating the professional experiences of over a dozen seasoned R&D engineers, and also referring to the latest "White Paper on Low-Altitude Economy Scenarios" published by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Sure, please provide the content that needs to be translated.The low-altitude economy is booming.Drones, once considered merely high-end toys, are now shining in various fields, such as pesticide spraying, terrain surveying, urban food delivery, and disaster relief...Moreover, the applications are continuously expanding.It can be foreseen that the application scenarios of the low-altitude economy will see explosive innovation in the near future.From a material perspective, it's unrealistic to expect one base material to fit all application scenarios.Therefore, today, we're not just relaying hearsay, but rather consolidating the professional experience of over a dozen senior R&D engineers, and referring to the latest "White Paper on Low-Altitude Economy Scenarios" released by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics,The low-altitude economy is booming.Previously considered merely as high-end toys, drones are now making significant contributions in various fields, such as pesticide spraying, terrain surveying, urban food delivery, and disaster relief...The low-altitude economy is booming.The low-altitude economy is booming.Previously considered merely as high-end toys, drones are now making significant contributions in various fields, such as pesticide spraying, terrain surveying, urban food delivery, and disaster relief...Previously considered merely as high-end toys, drones are now making significant contributions in various fields, such as pesticide spraying, terrain surveying, urban food delivery, and disaster relief...Since the provided content is entirely made up of HTML tags and image URLs, there was no text to translate. The original HTML structure and URLs have been kept as requested.In addition, it is continuously expanding.It can be foreseen that the application scenarios of the low-altitude economy will see explosive innovation in the near future.From the perspective of materials, to cope with various application scenarios, it is clearly unrealistic for a single base material to suffice everywhere.Therefore, today, we are not just relying on hearsay, but have gathered the professional experience of over a dozen senior R&D engineers, and, in accordance with the latest "White Paper on Low-Altitude Economy Scenarios" published by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics,In addition, it is continuously expanding.In addition, it is continuously expanding.It can be foreseen that the application scenarios of the low-altitude economy will see explosive innovation in the near future.It can be foreseen that the application scenarios of the low-altitude economy will see explosive innovation in the near future.From the perspective of materials, to cope with various application scenarios, it is clearly unrealistic for a single base material to suffice everywhere.From the perspective of materials, to cope with various application scenarios, it is clearly unrealistic for a single base material to suffice everywhere.Therefore, today, we are not just relying on hearsay, but have gathered the professional experience of over a dozen senior R&D engineers, and, in accordance with the latest "White Paper on Low-Altitude Economy Scenarios" published by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Therefore, today, we are not just relying on hearsay, but have gathered the professional experience of over a dozen senior R&D engineers, and, in accordance with the latest "White Paper on Low-Altitude Economy Scenarios" published by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Since the provided content does not contain any textual information that needs to be translated into English, and only consists of HTML tags and image URLs, the output remains exactly the same as the input. The provided content consists of HTML tags and image elements without any textual content in Chinese that needs to be translated into English. Therefore, the output is the same as the input.Let's take a look at the substrate selection in various 'low-altitude + X' scenarios. Which substrates can truly excel in the low-altitude economy?Let's take a look at the substrate selection in various 'low-altitude + X' scenarios. Which substrates can truly excel in the low-altitude economy?Let's take a look at the substrate selection in various'Low-altitude + X' In the 'low-altitude + X' scenarios, what are the differences in substrate selection? Which substrates can truly excel in the low-altitude economy field?-01-Metal VS Plastic:It's Hard to Say Which is SuperiorTaking drones and eVTOLs as examples, whether for carrying people or cargo, used in logistics, tourism, or agriculture... the material properties that need to be considered for low-altitude aircraft are essentially these:① Lightweight: Low density, light weight, improving payload and endurance capabilities;② Mechanical Properties: High strength, high rigidity, and high impact resistance, to cope with flight stresses and vibrations;③ Weather Resistance: UV resistance, tolerance to extreme temperatures (-40℃~80℃), and moisture and heat resistance;④ Corrosion Resistance: Oil resistance, salt fog corrosion resistance;⑤ Processability: Good fluidity, easy to manufacture and assemble;⑥ Flame Retardancy: Compliance with UL94 V-0 or V-2 standards (especially for passenger/logistics drones);⑦ Cost Control: Overall cost controllable (can be relaxed for high-end applications)...As we all know, besides the rigid performance requirements, lightweighting has become a goal pursued by various industries and major brands. Obviously, this trend is even more pronounced in aircraft.So, we know that in the early days of the low-altitude field, high-strength, high-hardness metal materials were the industry's 'mainstay'.For example, aluminum alloy, which can be considered a lightweight contender in the metal world, has a density of only 2.7g/cm³, making it 30%-50% lighter than steel; it has good corrosion resistance and can be used for a long time after surface treatment; it also has good processing properties and is not particularly expensive.Another example is titanium alloy, which can be called a "performance monster" in the material world, with a tensile strength of over 1200MPa; it can maintain excellent performance in high-temperature environments; and it can handle acidic, alkaline, and salt fog environments without any issues.However, the drawbacks of metal materials are also evident,For instance, they are expensive! The cost of titanium alloys is relatively high, and the processing difficulty is also significant, leading to increased production costs.Secondly, they are heavy. The weight of the metal materials not only affects the endurance, preventing the aircraft from flying further, but also greatly reduces the flight flexibility, making it difficult to maneuver in complex low-altitude environments.It can only be said that in today's pursuit of efficiency and lightweight, the once "reliable assistant" is indeed struggling to keep up with the pace.So, can plastic, with its inherent advantages of low density and light weight, take on the role?No rush. Based on the material property requirements, we have reviewed the mainstream plastic substrates available on the market and found:Sure, please provide the content that needs to be translated.-01-Metal VS Plastic:Hard to Say Which is SuperiorTaking drones and eVTOL as examples, whether for carrying people or goods, used in logistics, tourism, or agriculture... the materials used for low-altitude aircraft need to comprehensively consider these properties:① Lightweight: Low density, light weight, to improve payload and endurance;② Mechanical Properties: High stiffness, high strength, and high impact resistance, to cope with flight stress and vibration;③ Weather Resistance: UV resistance, tolerance to high and low temperatures (-40℃~80℃), and moisture-heat resistance;④ Corrosion Resistance: Oil resistance, salt fog corrosion resistance;⑤ Processability: Good flowability, easy to manufacture and assemble;⑥ Flame Retardancy: Meets UL94 V-0 or V-2 standards (especially for passenger/logistics drones);⑦ Cost Control: Overall cost control (can be relaxed for high-end applications)...It's well known that, besides the rigid performance requirements, lightweight has become a goal pursued by brands across various industries, and it's even more so for aircraft.So, we know that in the early days of the low-altitude field, high-strength, high-hardness metal materials were the industry's 'mainstay'.For example, aluminum alloy, considered a lightweight contender in the metal world, has a density of only 2.7g/cm³, which is 30%-50% lighter than steel; it has good corrosion resistance, can be used for a long time after surface treatment; it also has good processability and is not particularly expensive.Another example is titanium alloy, a "performance beast" in the material world, with high strength, tensile strength reaching over 1200MPa; it maintains excellent performance even in high-temperature environments; it can also handle acidic, alkaline, and salt fog environments without any issues.However, the drawbacks of metal materials are also evident,For instance, they are expensive! Titanium alloys, in particular, are costly, difficult to process, and the production costs can skyrocket.Secondly, they are heavy. The substantial weight of metal materials not only affects the endurance, making the aircraft unable to fly further, but also greatly reduces flight flexibility, making it hard to maneuver in complex low-altitude environments.One could say that, in today's pursuit of efficiency and lightweight, the once "reliable assistant" indeed struggles to keep up with the pace.So, can plastic, with its inherent advantages of low density and light weight, take on the role?No rush, based on the property requirements, we have reviewed the mainstream plastic base materials on the market and found:-01-Metal VS Plastic:It's Hard to Say Which is SuperiorTaking drones and eVTOLs as examples, whether for carrying people or cargo, used in logistics, tourism, or agriculture... the material properties that need to be considered for low-altitude aircraft are essentially these:① Lightweight: Low density, light weight, to improve payload and endurance;② Mechanical Properties: High stiffness, high strength, and high impact resistance, to cope with flight stresses and vibrations;③ Weather Resistance: UV resistance, tolerance to extreme temperatures (-40℃~80℃), and resistance to humidity and heat;④ Corrosion Resistance: Oil resistance, salt fog corrosion resistance;⑤ Processability: Good flowability, easy to manufacture and assemble;⑥ Flame Retardancy: Compliance with UL94 V-0 or V-2 standards (especially for passenger/logistics drones);⑦ Cost Control: Overall cost control (can be relaxed for high-end applications)...As we all know, in addition to the rigid performance requirements, lightweight has become a goal pursued by various brands across industries, and it is clear that this is even more so for aircraft.So, we know that in the early days of the low-altitude field, high-strength, high-hardness metal materials were the industry's 'mainstay'.For example, aluminum alloy, considered a lightweight player in the metal world, has a density of only 2.7g/cm³, which is 30%-50% lighter than steel; it has good corrosion resistance, can be used for a long time after surface treatment; and has good processability without being particularly expensive.Another example is titanium alloy, a "performance monster" in the material world, with high strength, tensile strength reaching over 1200MPa; it can maintain excellent performance in high-temperature environments; and can handle acid, alkali, and salt fog environments effortlessly.However, the drawbacks of metal materials are also evident,For instance, they are expensive! Titanium alloys, in particular, are costly, difficult to process, and have rising production costs.Next is the weight, heavy metal materials not only affect the endurance, making the aircraft unable to fly farther, but also greatly reduce the flight flexibility, making it difficult to maneuver flexibly in complex low-altitude environments.It can only be said that in today's pursuit of efficiency and lightweight, the once "reliable assistant" indeed seems to be falling behind.So, can plastics, which have inherent advantages such as low density and light weight, be up to the task?No rush, based on the material property requirements, we have reviewed the mainstream plastic base materials on the market and found:-01--01--01-Metal VS Plastic:Metal VS Plastic:Metal VS Plastic:Metal VS Plastic:It's hard to say which is superiorIt's hard to say which is superiorIt's hard to say which is superiorIt's hard to say which is superiorTaking drones and eVTOL as examples, whether for carrying people or goods, used in logistics, tourism, agriculture, or other fields... the properties that need to be considered for materials used in low-altitude aircraft are essentially these:Taking drones and eVTOL as examples, whether for carrying people or goods, used in logistics, tourism, agriculture, or other fields... the properties that need to be considered for materials used in low-altitude aircraft are essentially these:① Lightweight: Low density, light weight, to improve payload and endurance;① Lightweight:① Lightweight: Low density, light weight, to improve payload and endurance;② Mechanical Properties: High stiffness, high strength, and high impact resistance, to cope with flight stresses and vibrations;② Mechanical Properties:② Mechanical Properties: High stiffness, high strength, and high impact resistance, to cope with flight stresses and vibrations;③ Weather Resistance: UV resistance, tolerance to high and low temperatures (-40℃~80℃), and humidity resistance;③ Weather Resistance:③ Weather Resistance: UV resistance, tolerance to high and low temperatures (-40℃~80℃), and humidity resistance;④ Corrosion Resistance: Oil resistance, salt fog corrosion resistance;④ Corrosion Resistance:④ Corrosion Resistance: Oil resistance, salt fog corrosion resistance;⑤ Processability: Good fluidity, easy to manufacture and assemble;⑤ Processability:⑤ Processability: Good fluidity, easy to manufacture and assemble;⑥ Flame Retardancy: Compliance with UL94 V-0 or V-2 standards (especially for passenger/logistics drones);⑥ Flame Retardancy:⑥ Flame Retardancy: Compliance with UL94 V-0 or V-2 standards (especially for passenger/logistics drones);⑦ Cost Control: Overall cost control (can be relaxed for high-end scenarios)...⑦ Cost Control:⑦ Cost Control: Overall cost control (can be relaxed for high-end scenarios)...As we all know, apart from rigid performance requirements, lightweight has already become a goal pursued by major brands across various industries, and it is evident that this is even more so for aircraft.As we all know, apart from rigid performance requirements, lightweight has already become a goal pursued by major brands across various industries, and it is evident that this is even more so for aircraft.So, we know that in the early days of low-altitude applications, high-strength, high-hardness metal materials were the industry leaders.So, we know that in the early days of low-altitude applications, high-strength, high-hardness metal materials were the industry leaders.For example, aluminum alloy, considered a lightweight contender in the metal world, has a density of only 2.7g/cm³, which is 30%-50% lighter than steel; it has good corrosion resistance and can be used for a long time after surface treatment; it also has excellent processing performance and is not particularly expensive.For example, aluminum alloy, considered a lightweight contender in the metal world, has a density of only 2.7g/cm³, which is 30%-50% lighter than steel; it has good corrosion resistance and can be used for a long time after surface treatment; it also has excellent processing performance and is not particularly expensive.Another example is titanium alloy, which can be called a "performance monster" in the material world, with high strength and a tensile strength that can reach above 1200MPa; it can still maintain excellent performance in high-temperature environments; and it can handle acidic, alkaline, and salt spray environments without any problem.Another example is titanium alloy, which can be called a "performance monster" in the material world, with high strength and a tensile strength that can reach above 1200MPa; it can still maintain excellent performance in high-temperature environments; and it can handle acidic, alkaline, and salt spray environments without any problem.However, the drawbacks of metals are also evident,However, the drawbacks of metals are also evident,For instance, cost! Titanium alloys are relatively expensive, difficult to process, and the production costs will rise accordingly.For instance, cost! Titanium alloys are relatively expensive, difficult to process, and the production costs will rise accordingly.Next is weight, the heavy metal materials not only affect the endurance, making aircraft unable to fly farther, but also significantly reduce flight flexibility, making it difficult to maneuver in complex low-altitude environments.Next is weight, the heavy metal materials not only affect the endurance, making aircraft unable to fly farther, but also significantly reduce flight flexibility, making it difficult to maneuver in complex low-altitude environments.In today's pursuit of efficiency and lightness, the once "reliable assistant" indeed seems to be falling behind.In today's pursuit of efficiency and lightness, the once "reliable assistant" indeed seems to be falling behind.So, can plastics, with their inherent advantages of low density and light weight, be up to the task?So, can plastics, with their inherent advantages of low density and light weight, be up to the task?No rush, based on the physical property requirements, we have reviewed the mainstream plastic base materials on the market and found:No rush, based on the physical property requirements, we have reviewed the mainstream plastic base materials on the market and found:The provided content does not contain any text to be translated; it consists only of HTML tags and image data. Therefore, the output remains the same as the input, as there is no textual information in Chinese that needs to be translated into English.```html```If you have additional text or other elements that require translation, please provide them, and I will assist you accordingly.Each of the recommended base materials has its own characteristics, but their applicable scenarios vary.For example, ABS is inexpensive, easy to process, and impact-resistant, with a density much lower than that of metal. However, it has poor temperature resistance, and its strength and rigidity are average, making it more suitable for interior decorative parts of aircraft.Another example is PC, which, although it has excellent temperature and impact resistance, has only average chemical resistance and strength, making it more suitable for use in transparent windows or as internal decorative components.Then there's the PC/ABS alloy, which combines the temperature resistance of PC with the processing properties of ABS, making it suitable for the internal framework, dashboard, or structural parts of aircraft.Of course, there's also PA6-GF30, which has excellent strength, rigidity, and fatigue resistance. Due to its strong hygroscopicity, it can be called a 'water-loving strongman', suitable for structural components, wings, or fuselage frames of aircraft.And then there's PPO/PS alloy, which, despite being expensive, offers excellent flame retardancy and chemical corrosion resistance, making it suitable for precision structural components.Additionally, PPS-GF40, which is heat-resistant, has high mechanical strength, and good flame retardancy, though costly and difficult to process, is more suitable for components in high-temperature environments, such as around engines.For those with deeper pockets and higher performance requirements, high-end aircraft might opt for the 'luxury-grade golden material'—PEEK-CF40, which, aside from being expensive and difficult to process, has almost no drawbacks.Looking at all this, it seems none of them can do everything, but they are not entirely useless either.We know that the diversity of the low-altitude economy means that the flight scenarios for different aircraft will vary, and thus, the required base material properties will differ according to these scenarios.So, let's take a look today at the material selection solutions for different scenarios.Each of the recommended base materials has its own characteristics, but their applicable scenarios vary.The above recommended substrates each have their own characteristics, but they are suitable for different scenarios.For example, ABS, which is inexpensive, easy to process, and impact-resistant, has a much lower density than metal materials. However, it has poor temperature resistance, and its strength and rigidity are only average, making it more suitable for interior decorative parts of aircraft.For example, ABS, which is inexpensive, easy to process, and impact-resistant, has a much lower density than metal materials. However, it has poor temperature resistance, and its strength and rigidity are only average, making it more suitable for interior decorative parts of aircraft.Another example is PC, which, although it has excellent temperature and impact resistance, has only average chemical resistance and strength, making it more suitable for transparent windows or interior decorative parts.Another example is PC, which, although it has excellent temperature and impact resistance, has only average chemical resistance and strength, making it more suitable for transparent windows or interior decorative parts.There is also the PC/ABS alloy, which combines the temperature resistance of PC with the processability of ABS, making it more suitable for internal frames, instrument panels, or structural components of aircraft.There is also the PC/ABS alloy, which combines the temperature resistance of PC with the processability of ABS, making it more suitable for internal frames, instrument panels, or structural components of aircraft.Of course, there's PA6-GF30, which has excellent strength, rigidity, and fatigue resistance. Due to its strong hygroscopicity, it can be called the 'water-loving strongman,' making it suitable for structural components, wings, or fuselage frames of aircraft.Of course, there's PA6-GF30, which has excellent strength, rigidity, and fatigue resistance. Due to its strong hygroscopicity, it can be called the 'water-loving strongman,' making it suitable for structural components, wings, or fuselage frames of aircraft.And then there's PPO/PS alloy, which, although expensive, has excellent flame retardancy and good chemical corrosion resistance, making it more suitable for precision structural components.And then there's PPO/PS alloy, which, although expensive, has excellent flame retardancy and good chemical corrosion resistance, making it more suitable for precision structural components.Additionally, PPS-GF40, which is heat-resistant, has high mechanical strength, and decent flame retardancy, is more suitable for components in high-temperature environments, such as around engines, due to its high cost and difficulty in processing.Additionally, PPS-GF40, which is heat-resistant, has high mechanical strength, and decent flame retardancy, is more suitable for components in high-temperature environments, such as around engines, due to its high cost and difficulty in processing.For those with deeper pockets and higher performance requirements, high-end aircraft can opt for the 'gold-standard material'—PEEK-CF40, which, aside from being expensive and difficult to process, has almost no other drawbacks.For those with deeper pockets and higher performance requirements, high-end aircraft can opt for the 'gold-standard material'—PEEK-CF40, which, aside from being expensive and difficult to process, has almost no other drawbacks.It seems that none of them can do everything, but they all have their uses.It seems that none of them can do everything, but they all have their uses.We know that the diversification of the low-altitude economy means that the flight scenarios for various aircraft differ, so the required substrate properties will also vary according to different scenarios.We know that the diversification of the low-altitude economy means that the flight scenarios for various aircraft differ, so the required substrate properties will also vary according to different scenarios.Therefore, let's take a look at the material selection solutions for different scenarios today.Therefore, let's take a look at the material selection solutions for different scenarios today.-02-Material Selection Guide:How to Break Through in Different ScenariosSo, how do we select materials based on different scenarios?According to the scenario matrix provided by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics in their white paper on the low-altitude economy, we will take three commonly used scenarios as examples, such as:Scenario One: Agriculture and Forestry ScenarioWe know that in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, the use cases for aircraft generally include: transportation and delivery of crops, sowing, inspection; aerial spraying of pesticides, release of fish fry; fire patrol, etc.-02-Material Selection Guide:How to Break Through in Different ScenariosSo, how do we select materials based on different scenarios?According to the scenario matrix provided by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics in their white paper on the low-altitude economy, we will take three commonly used scenarios as examples, such as:Scenario One: Agriculture and Forestry ScenarioWe know that in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, the use cases for aircraft generally include: transporting crops, sowing, patrolling; aerial spraying of pesticides, delivering fish fry; fire prevention patrols, etc.-02-Material Selection Guide:How to Break Through in Different Scenarios-02--02--02--02-Material Selection Guide:Material Selection Guide:Material Selection Guide:Material Selection Guide:How to Break Through in Different ScenariosHow to Break Through in Different ScenariosHow to Break Through in Different ScenariosHow to Break Through in Different ScenariosSo, how do we select materials based on different scenarios?According to the scenario matrix provided by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics in their white paper on low-altitude economy, we have selected three commonly used scenarios as examples, such as:Scenario One: Agriculture and ForestrySo, how do we select materials based on different scenarios?So, how do we select materials based on different scenarios?According to the scenario matrix provided by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics in their white paper on low-altitude economy, we have selected three commonly used scenarios as examples, such as:According to the scenario matrix provided by the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics in their white paper on low-altitude economy, we have selected three commonly used scenarios as examples, such as:Scenario One: Agriculture and ForestryScenario One: Agriculture and ForestryScenario One: Agriculture and ForestryThe provided content consists of HTML and image tags without any textual information in Chinese, hence no translation was needed for the text. The structure and URLs have been preserved as per your instructions.We know that in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, the typical use cases for aircraft include: transporting crops, sowing, patrolling; aerial spraying of pesticides, delivering fish fry; fire patrol, etc.We know that in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, the typical use cases for aircraft include: transporting crops, sowing, patrolling; aerial spraying of pesticides, delivering fish fry; fire patrol, etc.We know that in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries, the typical use cases for aircraft include: transporting crops, sowing, patrolling; aerial spraying of pesticides, delivering fish fry; fire patrol, etc.In this case, the provided content is entirely composed of HTML tags and image URLs, with no textual information in Chinese to translate into English. 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Therefore, the output is identical to the input.Based on the above application scenarios, we know that the requirements for materials will prioritize properties such as resistance to heat and humidity, and chemical corrosion resistance.Therefore, by allocating according to needs, we find that the material selection schemes for agricultural and forestry scenarios can be roughly chosen as follows:▶ Critical load-bearing structural components (body frame, spraying bracket)① PA6-GF30Reason: High strength, fatigue resistance, moisture absorption can be compensated by surface coating, suitable for long-term agricultural operations. ② PPO/PS alloy Reason: Flame retardant and resistant to pesticide corrosion, suitable for precision structural parts of the spraying system (such as tank brackets, valve parts).③ Titanium alloyReason: Extremely durable, suitable for components exposed to pesticide corrosion and requiring repeated loading (such as spray arm connectors).▶ Chemical-resistant exposed components (spray nozzles, liquid containers, pipes)PPS-GF40+ titanium alloy liningCombined advantages: PPS is resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, while a titanium alloy lining enhances resistance to pesticide penetration, extending service life.▶ Lightweight internal components (control panel, cockpit interior, lining panels)① ABSReason: Low cost, easy to process, used for non-load-bearing decorative parts; should avoid direct contact with chemicals. ② PCReason: Excellent impact resistance, can be used for observation windows or monitor housing.③ Aluminum alloyReason: Light and easy to form, after anodizing treatment, it can resist humid and hot environments, with a lower cost than titanium alloy.Scenario Two: Transportation ScenarioBased on the above application scenarios, we know that the requirements for materials will prioritize properties such as resistance to heat and humidity, and chemical corrosion resistance.Based on the above application scenarios, we know that the requirements for materials will prioritize properties such as resistance to heat and humidity, and chemical corrosion resistance.Therefore, by allocating according to needs, we find that the material selection schemes for agricultural and forestry scenarios can be roughly chosen as follows:Therefore, by allocating according to needs, we find that the material selection schemes for agricultural and forestry scenarios can be roughly chosen as follows:▶ Critical load-bearing structural components (body frame, spraying bracket) ▶ Critical load-bearing structural components (body frame, spraying bracket) ① PA6-GF30① PA6-GF30① PA6-GF30Reason: High strength, fatigue resistance, moisture absorption can be compensated by surface coating, suitable for long-term agricultural operations. Reason: High strength, fatigue resistance, moisture absorption can be compensated by surface coating, suitable for long-term agricultural operations. ② PPO/PS alloy ② PPO/PS alloy ② PPO/PS alloy Reason: Flame retardant and resistant to pesticide corrosion, suitable for precision structural components in spraying systems (such as tank brackets, valve parts).Reason: Flame retardant and resistant to pesticide corrosion, suitable for precision structural components in spraying systems (such as tank brackets, valve parts).③ Titanium Alloy③ Titanium Alloy③ Titanium AlloyReason: Extremely durable, suitable for parts exposed to pesticide corrosion and requiring repeated load-bearing (such as spray arm connectors)Reason: Extremely durable, suitable for parts exposed to pesticide corrosion and requiring repeated load-bearing (such as spray arm connectors)▶ Chemical-resistant exposed parts (spray nozzles, liquid containers, pipes)▶ Chemical-resistant exposed parts (spray nozzles, liquid containers, pipes)PPS-GF40+ Titanium Alloy LiningPPS-GF40+ Titanium Alloy LiningPPS-GF40+ Titanium Alloy LiningCombined advantages: PPS is heat and corrosion resistant, titanium alloy lining enhances resistance to pesticide penetration, extending service life.Combined advantages: PPS is heat and corrosion resistant, titanium alloy lining enhances resistance to pesticide penetration, extending service life.▶ Lightweight internal components (control panels, cockpit interiors, lining boards)▶ Lightweight internal components (control panels, cockpit interiors, lining boards)① ABS① ABS① ABSReason: Low cost, easy to process, used for non-load-bearing decorative parts; should avoid direct contact with chemicals.  Reason: Low cost, easy to process, used for non-load-bearing decorative parts; should avoid direct contact with chemicals.  ② PC② PC② PCReason: Excellent impact resistance, can be used for observation windows or monitor housing.Reason: Excellent impact resistance, can be used for observation windows or monitor housing.③ Aluminum Alloy③ Aluminum Alloy③ Aluminum AlloyReason: Light and easy to form, after anodizing treatment, it can resist humid and hot environments, and its cost is lower than that of titanium alloy.Reason: Light and easy to form, after anodizing treatment, it can resist humid and hot environments, and its cost is lower than that of titanium alloy.Scene Two: Transportation ScenarioScene Two: Transportation ScenarioScene Two: Transportation ScenarioSince the provided content does not contain any textual information to translate, only HTML tags and image elements, there is no change in the output as per your requirements.From the table above, we can see that in transportation scenarios, the main applications of aircraft include: carrying passengers, aerial photography and cargo transport, rescue, and disaster relief services.From the table above, we can see that in transportation scenarios, the main applications of aircraft include: carrying passe

On March 5, Yu Feng, President of Honeywell China, stated in an interview with multiple media outlets including The Paper that the company will focus on three major development areas this year: future aviation, energy transition, and automation. Through proactive talent strategies, the company aims to build an innovative elite team in China, driving continuous growth in its local business with localized innovation.According to Yu, Honeywell is at the forefront of several technology fields, including energy management, carbon capture and storage, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and plastic recycling, and is accelerating the commercialization of these technologies in the Chinese market. Among them, the research and development and promotion of SAF are one of the key projects of the company.Yu pointed out that although the aviation industry currently accounts for a small proportion of global carbon emissions, if no innovations are made, its share could significantly increase by 2050. Honeywell possesses the technology to convert waste such as used cooking oil and straw into SAF, but the supply of raw materials is limited. To address this, the company is exploring new pathways, such as using industrial CO2 emissions combined with green electricity to produce green methanol, which can then be further converted into SAF. This is seen as a significant market opportunity.Last year, the SAF industry received policy support, with the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration canceling the export tax rebate policy for used cooking oil. Yu believes that this policy adjustment is crucial for promoting the development of the domestic SAF industry. He noted that a large amount of used cooking oil is still being exported, resources that should be fully utilized domestically to convert into green energy.Honeywell is communicating with relevant government agencies, hoping to establish scientific testing methods for SAF to distinguish it from conventional jet fuel, ensuring more companies can benefit from green policies. Currently, Honeywell's technology has been applied in SAF production bases across multiple regions in China.In terms of technological approaches, Honeywell predicts that the production of SAF in China will show a diversified trend to address issues such as raw material supply, production costs, and environmental impact. Data shows that SAF produced using Honeywell's technology can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions over its lifecycle.In addition, Honeywell also owns UpCycle process technology, capable of converting waste plastics into raw materials for manufacturing new plastics. Yu expressed hope that this technology can be implemented in China, solving the country's plastic pollution problem while contributing to the global plastic recycling industry.It is worth noting that the R&D team of Honeywell China plays a vital role in the company’s global innovation network. Yu emphasized that China is not only a huge market but also a significant force in global technological innovation. To meet the innovation needs of the Chinese market, Honeywell’s R&D personnel in China not only support global projects but also conduct research and development tailored to the Chinese market and customer needs, driving revenue growth from localized new products.

The newly developed resin transfer molding (RTM) press by Austrian machinery manufacturer Langzauner, installed within the University of Sheffield's Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), can reduce the processing time of large components by a factor of 10. This press, specifically designed for manufacturing aerospace structural parts, will advance the center’s Composites at Speed and Scale (Compass) project by reducing the processing time of large components from about 40 hours to just 4 hours, while maintaining quality standards.It is reported that AMRC's Compass uses a new open innovation facility, which will initially house Boeing's research projects, significantly advancing UK aerospace research and development by lowering risks and developing high-speed sustainable structures.The stamping system boasts an impressive 10,500 x 3,500 mm platen size, providing unprecedented precision, with pressing force fully adjustable up to 2,400 tons.Powered by AIThe system is fully integrated with Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) capabilities, enabling comprehensive data collection for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in factory-scale process optimization.The system's features are described as revolutionary, including:Precision control of press force adjustment to 0.1%;An advanced slide system capable of accommodating mold weights up to 180 tons;Precise plate parallelism control within one-thousandth of a millimeter;Individual cylinder control with active parallelism management;Innovative gap injection function with two-axis rotation capability.A Huge Leap in Aerospace Manufacturing"This technology represents a huge leap in aerospace manufacturing capabilities," said Alexander Wiesner, Global Sales and Marketing Director at Langzauner. "We are not just making equipment; we are revolutionizing how the next generation of aircraft will be produced."Darren Wells, Senior Technical Fellow for Large Composite Structures at AMRC, said: "When we set out the specifications for such a groundbreaking piece of equipment, we knew we had set very high standards for what could be achieved. Langzauner's solution not only met all our objectives but exceeded many of them, meaning this press will be at the forefront of high-speed composite manufacturing research for years to come."Langzauner's commitment to vertical integration is further demonstrated in the assembly of large thermoforming machines for RTM preform preparation, ensuring a complete solution for the next generation of aerospace manufacturing needs."

On the morning of February 16, a groundbreaking ceremony was held for the Zhejiang Huashuaite New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Annual Production of 35,000 Tons of Aerospace PMMA Transparent Materials Construction Project located in Shendang, Haiyan. After the completion of this project, it will significantly enhance China's self-sufficiency in aerospace PMMA materials, providing solid support for the localization and domestication of aviation equipment. Yang Yuliang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of the Institute of Ancient Books Preservation at Fudan University, Yan Yue, Party Secretary and General Manager of Beijing Aeronautical Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., and Gu Qiuli, Deputy Secretary of the County Committee and County Magistrate, attended the groundbreaking ceremony.Project OverviewZhejiang Huashuaite New Material

As the low-altitude economy, including drone logistics and air taxis, accelerates, the performance boundaries of aircraft are constantly being challenged. How can we make aircraft lighter, stronger, and safer? Breakthroughs in materials science have become key. Wanhua Chemical has launched a variety of WanBlend® silicon PC series products for different application scenarios in the low-altitude economy:As the low-altitude economy, including drone logistics and air taxis, accelerates, the performance boundaries of aircraft are constantly being challenged. How can we make aircraft lighter, stronger, and safer? Breakthroughs in materials science have become key. Wanhua Chemical has launched a variety of WanBlend® silicon PC series products for different application scenarios in the low-altitude economy:As the low-altitude economy, including drone logistics and air taxis, accelerates, the performance boundaries of aircraft are constantly being challenged. How can we make aircraft lighter, stronger, and safer? Breakthroughs in materials science have become key. Wanhua Chemical has launched a variety of WanBlend® silicon PC series products for different application scenarios in the low-altitude economy:As the low-altitude economy, including drone logistics and air taxis, accelerates, the performance boundaries of aircraft are constantly being challenged. How can we make aircraft lighter, stronger, and safer? Breakthroughs in materials science have become key. Wanhua Chemical has launched a variety of WanBlend® silicon PC series products for different application scenarios in the low-altitude economy:WanBlend®Si-PC General SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Reinforced SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Ultra-thin Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC General SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Reinforced SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Ultra-thin Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC General SeriesWanBlendWanBlend®®®Si-PC General SeriesSi-PC General SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlendWanBlend®®®Si-PC Flame Retardant SeriesSi-PC Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Reinforced SeriesWanBlendWanBlend®®®Si-PC Reinforced SeriesSi-PC Reinforced SeriesWanBlend®Si-PC Ultra-thin Flame Retardant SeriesWanBlendWanBlend®®®Si-PC Ultra-thin Flame Retardant SeriesSi-PC Ultra-thin Flame Retardant SeriesThe provided content does not contain any textual information that requires translation from Chinese to English. It consists only of HTML and image tags, which have been preserved as requested. If there are additional texts or sections that need to be translated, please provide them.Wanhua Chemical's WanBlend® silicon PC material is redefining the performance standards for low-altitude aircraft with three core advantages.Wanhua Chemical's WanBlend® silicon PC material is redefining the performance standards for low-altitude aircraft with three core advantages.Wanhua Chemical's WanBlend®® silicon PC material is redefining the performance standards for low-altitude aircraft with three core advantages.· Lightweight Revolution ··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution··Lightweight Revolution·With the development of aircraft over the past decade, the weight reduction competition between traditional aluminum alloys and carbon fiber materials has reached its limit. WanBlend® silicon PC material from Wanhua Chemical brings a new breakthrough, with a density of only 1.15-1.2g/cm³, making it lighter and more cost-effective than traditional materials. The weight reduction achieved by using silicon PC material in the fuselage is equivalent to carrying a large-capacity battery, which can greatly increase the flight range of the aircraft. This lightweight performance improvement does not affect the strength of the silicon PC material, as its flexural modulus reaches 2100MPa, capable of withstanding the impact of level 12 strong winds, achieving weight reduction without compromising on energy.With the development of aircraft over the past decade, the weight reduction competition between traditional aluminum alloys and carbon fiber materials has reached its limit. WanBlend® silicon PC material from Wanhua Chemical brings a new breakthrough, with a density of only 1.15-1.2g/cm³, making it lighter and more cost-effective than traditional materials. The weight reduction achieved by using silicon PC material in the fuselage is equivalent to carrying a large-capacity battery, which can greatly increase the flight range of the aircraft. This lightweight performance improvement does not affect the strength of the silicon PC material, as its flexural modulus reaches 2100MPa, capable of withstanding the impact of level 12 strong winds, achieving weight reduction without compromising on energy.With the development of aircraft over the past decade, the weight reduction competition between traditional aluminum alloys and carbon fiber materials has reached its limit. WanBlend® silicon PC material from Wanhua Chemical brings a new breakthrough, with a density of only 1.15-1.2g/cm³, making it lighter and more cost-effective than traditional materials. The weight reduction achieved by using silicon PC material for the fuselage is equivalent to carrying a large-capacity battery, which can greatly increase the range of the aircraft. The weight reduction achieved by using silicon PC material for the fuselage is equivalent to carrying a large-capacity battery, which can greatly increase the range of the aircraft. This lightweight performance improvement does not compromise the strength of the silicon PC material, as it has a flexural modulus of 2100MPa, capable of withstanding the impact of a level 12 strong wind, achieving weight reduction without sacrificing capability.·Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance··Environmental Tolerance·The special molecular structure formed by silicone copolymerization can effectively improve the low-temperature toughness of PC, maintaining good impact resistance even at -60℃, while combining the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, enhancing multiple properties such as solvent resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and aging resistance. Therefore, WanBlend® silicon PC material can easily withstand the multiple environmental challenges faced by low-altitude aircraft, including rapid temperature changes, UV radiation, and chemical corrosion.The special molecular structure formed by silicone copolymerization can effectively improve the low-temperature toughness of PC, maintaining good impact resistance even at -60℃, while combining the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, enhancing multiple properties such as solvent resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and aging resistance. Therefore, WanBlend® silicon PC material can easily withstand the multiple environmental challenges faced by low-altitude aircraft, including rapid temperature changes, UV radiation, and chemical corrosion.The special molecular structure formed by silicone copolymerization can effectively improve the low-temperature toughness of PC effectively improve the low-temperature toughness of PC, maintaining good impact resistance even at -60℃, while combining the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, enhancing multiple properties such as solvent resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and aging resistance enhancing multiple properties such as solvent resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and aging resistance. Therefore, WanBlend®® silicon PC material can easily withstand the multiple environmental challenges faced by low-altitude aircraft, including rapid temperature changes, UV radiation, and chemical corrosion.·Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield··Safety Protection Shield·When the aircraft battery pack encounters thermal runaway, traditional materials will melt through in a short time, while WanBlend® silicon PC material can achieve excellent flame retardant performance at V-0 level in UL94 vertical burning test, forming a dense carbonized layer during combustion, which buys time for an emergency landing and enhances flight safety.When the aircraft battery pack encounters thermal runaway, traditional materials will melt through in a short time, while WanBlend® silicon PC material can achieve excellent flame retardant performance at V-0 level in UL94 vertical burning test, forming a dense carbonized layer during combustion, which buys time for an emergency landing and enhances flight safety.When the aircraft battery pack encounters thermal runaway, traditional materials will melt through in a short time, while WanBlend® silicon PC material can achieve excellent flame retardant performance at V-0 level in UL94 vertical burning testWanBlend®® silicon PC material can achieve excellent flame retardant performance at V-0 level in UL94 vertical burning test, forming a dense carbonized layer during combustion, which buys time for an emergency landing and enhances flight safety.In the future, Wanhua Chemical will continue to delve deeply into the low-altitude economy sector, constantly exploring the potential of low-altitude applications for a variety of high-performance materials such as polycarbonate, nylon, and polyurethane, contributing to the flourishing development of the low-altitude economy, and jointly painting a more splendid sky blueprint.In the future, Wanhua Chemical will continue to delve deeply into the low-altitude economy sector, constantly exploring the potential of low-altitude applications for a variety of high-performance materials such as polycarbonate, nylon, and polyurethane, contributing to the flourishing development of the low-altitude economy, and jointly painting a more splendid sky blueprint.In the future, Wanhua Chemical will continue to delve deeply into the low-altitude economy sector, constantly exploring the potential of low-altitude applications for a variety of high-performance materials such as polycarbonate, nylon, and polyurethane, contributing to the flourishing development of the low-altitude economy, and jointly painting a more splendid sky blueprint.In the future, Wanhua Chemical will continue to delve deeply into the low-altitude economy sector, constantly exploring the potential of low-altitude applications for a variety of high-performance materials such as polycarbonate, nylon, and polyurethane, contributing to the flourishing development of the low-altitude economy, and jointly painting a more splendid sky blueprint.